1. יִכָּרֵתוּ Nifal Imperfect 3MP כָּרַת “he cut off” “They will be cut off”

2. יְדַבֶּר Piel Imperfect 3MS [דּבר] “to speak” “he will speak”

3. יְדַבֶּר־נָא Piel Jussive 3MS [דּבר] “to speak” “let him speak”

4. נִמְצְאוּ Nifal Perfect 3CP מָצָא “he found” “they were found”

5. תָּמְשְׁלוּ Hofal Imperfect 2MP מָשַׁל “He ruled” “You will be ruled”

6. וַיִּשְׁכַּב Qal Vav-Consecutive (Stative) 3MS שָׁכַב “He lay down”

7. וָאְַמַלֵּא Piel Vav-Consecutive 1CS מָלֵא “he was full” “I have filled”

8. אַסְתִּירָה Hifil Cohortative 1CS סָתַר “He hid” “I will hide/let me hide”

9. נְכֻתַּב Pual Imperfect 1CP כָתַב He wrote “We will be written”

10. יַשְׁמִיד Hifil Imperfect 3MS שָׁמַד]] To annihilate, exterminate “He will annihilate”

12.  A transitive verb is any verb that may take a direct object.  When the object of a transitive verb is a pronoun, this may be expressed in either of two ways.  The pronominal suffix may be joined to אֵת (the sign of the direct object), and be placed after the verb.  Or the pronominal suffix may be joined directly to the end of the verb of which it serves as object.  There is no difference in meaning between the two.

13. יְהוָה שְׁלָחַנִי “The Lord sent me”

14. אֹתִי שָׁלַח יְהוָה “The Lord sent me [emphatic]”

15. אֹתִי עָזְבוּ “They have forsaken me [emphatic]”

16. בָּנַיִךְ עְַזָבוּנִי “Your children have forsaken me”

17. 1CSנִיMe 2MSךָYou 2FSךְYou 3MS ו, הוּHim 3FSהָHer 1CPנוּUs 2MPכֶםYou 2FPכֵנYou 2MP ם, הֶםThem 3FPןThem

18. שְׁמָרוּנִי שְׁמָרוּךָ שְׁמָרוּךְ שְׁמָרוּהוּ שְׁמָרוּהָ שְׁמָרוּנוּ שְׁמָרוּכֶם שְׁמָרוּכֶן שְׁמָרוּם שְׁמָרוּן

19.  Only the strong pronominal suffixes, כֶם, כֶן, and הֶם draw the accent to themselves.  Before all other suffixes, the accent is placed on the syllable beginning with the final root consonant.

20. שְׁמָרוּנִי שְׁמָרוּךָ שְׁמָרוּךְ שְׁמָרוּהוּ שְׁמָרוּהָ שְׁמָרוּנוּ שְׁמָרוּכֶם שְׁמָרוּכֶן שְׁמָרוּם שְׁמָרוּן

21.  The addition of a pronominal suffix to a verb form having a vocal sheva under the second root consonant will cause the sheva to be restored to its original form (patah).  It will then be lengthened to a qames (open unaccented syllables require long vowels)  The qames under the initial root consonant, now left in an open syllable two syllables removed form the accent syllable must not volatize (reduce to a sheva).  Note: these changes do not take place with vowels in closed syllables or with vowels that are unchangeably long.

22. שְׁמָרוּנִי שְׁמָרוּךָ שְׁמָרוּךְ שְׁמָרוּהוּ שְׁמָרוּהָ שְׁמָרוּנוּ שְׁמָרוּכֶם שְׁמָרוּכֶן שְׁמָרוּם שְׁמָרוּן

23. בִּקְשׁוּנִי בִּקְשׁוּךָ בִּקְשׁוּךְ בִּקְשׁוּהוּ בִּקְשׁוּהָ בִּקְשׁוּנוּ בִּקְשׁוּכֶם בִּקְשׁוּכֶן בִּקְשׁוּהֶם בִּקְשׁוּן The ק loses its dagesh forte because it is supported by a vocal sheva

24. הִכְרִיתוּנִי הִכְרִיתוּךָ הִכְרִיתוּךְ הִכְרִיתוּהוּ הִכְרִיתוּהָ הִכְרִיתוּנוּ הִכְרִיתוּכֶם הִכְרִיתוּכֶן הִכְרִיתוּם הִכְרִיתוּן

25. 1CSַנִיMe Pausal ָנִי 2MSְךָYou Pausal ֶךָ 2FS ֵךְ or ֶךְ You 3MS וֹ or ָהוּHim 3FSָהּHer 1CPָנוּUs 2MPְכֶםYou 2FPְכֵנYou 2MP ָםThem 3FPָןThem

26. שְׁמָרַנִיme שְׁמָרְךָyou שְׁמָרֵךְyou שְׁמָרוֹhim/it שְׁמָרָהּher/it שְׁמָרָנוּus שְׁמָרְכֶםyou שְׁמָרְכֶןyou שְׁמָרָםthem שְׁמָרָןthem

27.  A connecting vowel is used to join pronominal suffixes to verb forms ending in a consonant.  Perfects tend to prefer patah or qames as the connecting vowel, whereas imperfects prefer sere.

28. שְׁמָרַנִיme שְׁמָרְךָyou שְׁמָרֵךְyou שְׁמָרוֹhim/it שְׁמָרָהּher/it שְׁמָרָנוּus שְׁמָרְכֶםyou שְׁמָרְכֶןyou שְׁמָרָםthem שְׁמָרָןthem

29.  The vocalization changes that take place where pronominal suffixes are added to Qal perfect ending in a consonant are the same as those for forms ending in a vowel.  This means that the vowel in the first syllable is volatilized and the vowel in the second syllable is raised to a qames.  This qames receives a meteg whenever it precedes a vocal sheva. This occurs in 2MS, 2MP, and 2FP

30. שְׁמָרַנִיme שְׁמָרְךָyou שְׁמָרֵךְyou שְׁמָרוֹhim/it שְׁמָרָהּher/it שְׁמָרָנוּus שְׁמָרְכֶםyou שְׁמָרְכֶןyou שְׁמָרָםthem שְׁמָרָןthem

31. הִכְרִיתַנִי me הִכְרִיתְךְyou הִכְרִיתֵךְyou הִכְרִיתוֹ him/it הִכְרִיתָהּ her/it הִכְרִיתָנוּ us הִכְרִיתכֶםyou הִכְרִיתְכֶןyou הִכְרִיתָםthem הִכְרִיתָןthem

32.  No vowel changes take place when pronominal suffixes are added to הִכְרִית  This is because the first syllable of this Hifil form is a closed syllable and therefore it cannot be volatilized.  Likewise, the vowel of the second syllable is unchangeably long and cannot be shortened

33. הִכְרִיתַנִי me הִכְרִיתְךְyou הִכְרִיתֵךְyou הִכְרִיתוֹ him/it הִכְרִיתָהּ her/it הִכְרִיתָנוּ us הִכְרִיתכֶםyou הִכְרִיתְכֶןyou הִכְרִיתָםthem הִכְרִיתָןthem

34.  When pronominal suffixes are added to a perfect 3FS, the ָה ending is replaced by ַת, and old feminine ending. Qal : שָׁמְרָה becomesשְׁמָרַת שְׁמָרַתְנִי she kept me

35.  When pronominal suffixes are added to a perfect 2FS שָׁמַרְתְּ the final תְּ becomes תִּי  The resultant form שְׁמַרְתִּי is identical to the perfect 1CS and only context can be relied upon to distinguish them

36.  When pronominal suffixes are added to a perfect 2MP שְׁמַרְתֶּם the final מ is dropped and the preceding ֶ is changed to a sureq. שְׁמַרְתּוּ

37.  Pronominal suffixes for imperfects ending in vowels are the same as those for perfects ending in vowels

38. 1CSנִיMe 2MSךָYou 2FSךְYou 3MS ו, הוּHim 3FSהָHer 1CPנוּUs 2MPכֶםYou 2FPכֵנYou 2MP ם, הֶםThem 3FPןThem

39. יִשְׁמְרוּנִי יִשְׁמְרוּךָ יִשְׁמְרוּךְ יִשְׁמְרוּהוּ יִשְׁמְרוּהָ יִשְׁמְרוּנוּ יִשְׁמְרוּכֶם יִשְׁמְרוּכֶן יִשְׁמְרוּם יִשְׁמְרוּן

40.  Sometimes when a pronominal suffix stands after an imperfect ending in a sureq there is an alternate form  The sureq is written defectively as a qibbus  The fact that the qibbus in such instances bears the accent still indicates that it is still regarded as a long vowel.  Changes like this normally take place before the 3MS pronominal suffix

41. וַיַּמְלִיכֻהוּ תַחַת־אָבִיו And they made him king instead of his father

42.  Pronominal suffixes for imperfects ending in consonants are the same for all verb stems.  A connecting vowel is needed between the suffix and the verb form.  Imperfects prefer sere, or another vowel of the “e” class.

43. 1CSֵנִיMe 2MSְךָYou Pausal ֶךָ 2FS ֵךְ You 3MS ֵהוּ Him/It 3FS ָהּ or ֶהָ Her/It 1CPֵנוּUs 2MPְכֶםYou 2FPְכֵנYou 2MP ֵםThem 3FPֵןThem

44. יִשְׁמְרֵנִי יִשְׁמָרְךָ יִשְׁמְרֵךְ יִשְׁמְרֵהוּ יִשְׁמְרֶהָ יִשְׁמְרֵנוּ יִשְׁמָרְכֶם יִשְׁמָרְכֶן יִשְׁמְרֵם יִשְׁמְרֵן

45.  The holem in the second syllable of יִשְׁמֹר is shortened to a qames hatuf before the pronominal suffixes ְךָ 2MS, כֶם2MP, and כֶן2FP.  Before all other pronominal suffixes holem is reduced to a vocal sheva

46. יִשְׁמְרֵנִי יִשְׁמָרְךָ יִשְׁמְרֵךְ יִשְׁמְרֵהוּ יִשְׁמְרֶהָ יִשְׁמְרֵנוּ יִשְׁמָרְכֶם יִשְׁמָרְכֶן יִשְׁמְרֵם יִשְׁמְרֵן

47. יְבַקְּשֵׁנִי יְבַקֶּשְׁךָ יְבַקְּשֵׁךְ יְבַקְּשֵׁהוּ יְבַקְּשֶׁהָ יְבַקְּשֵׁנוּ יְבַקֶּשְׁכֶם יְבַקֶּשְׁכֶן יְבקְּשֵׁם יְבַקְּשֵׁן

48.  In 3 of these forms, the vocal sheva that should have been placed beneath ק, the middle consonant of the verb root, is changed to a segol.  2MS, 2MP, 2FP  The rule that has been applied here is that whenever 2 vocal shevas stand adjacent to each other within a word, the first of the shevas must be changed to a full vowel

49. יְבַקְּשֵׁנִי יְבַקֶּשְׁךָ יְבַקְּשֵׁךְ יְבַקְּשֵׁהוּ יְבַקְּשֶׁהָ יְבַקְּשֵׁנוּ יְבַקֶּשְׁכֶם יְבַקֶּשְׁכֶן יְבקְּשֵׁם יְבַקְּשֵׁן

50. 2MS יְבַקְּשְׁךָ becomes יְבַקֶּשְׁךָ 2MPיְבַקְּשְׁכֶם becomesיְבַקֶּשְׁכֶם 2FPיְבַקְּשְׁכֶן becomes יְבַקֶּשְׁכֶן

51. יַקְרִיבֵנִי יַקְרִיבְךָ יַקְרִיבֵךְ יַקְרִיבֵהוּ יַקְרִיבֶהָ יַקְרִיבֵנוּ יַקְרִיבְכֶם יַקְרִיבְכֶן יַקְרִיבֵם יַקְרִיבֶן

52.  No volatilization before the pronominal suffixes since the initial syllable is closed and the theme vowel is unchangeably long

53. ֶנְנִי becomes ֶנִּי

54. 1CS ֶנְנִי becomes ֶנִּי

55. 2MS ֶנְךָ becomes ֶךּ ָ

56. 3MS ֶנְנוּ becomes ֶנּוּ

57. 3FS ֶנְנָה becomes ֶנָּה

58. 1CP ֶנְנוּ becomes ֶנּוּ

59.  There is no change in meaning between a suffix which has additional nuns and one which does not have them

60.  Whenever nun is supported by a silent sheva, nun is assimilated into the following consonant by means of a dagesh forte.  This accounts for these unusual forms

61.  The suffix for 3MS is identical to that for 1CP.  Use context to distinguish between the two

62. יְבַַקְּשֶׁנִּי me יְבַקְּשֶׁךּ you יְבַקְּשֶׁנּוּ him/it יְבַקְּשֶׁנָּה her/it יְבַקְּשֶׁנּוּ us ָ