2. When a verb contains a guttural consonant in one of the root positions there is a slight modification to the vowel of the guttural consonant. See highlighted verbs. PNG StandardI-gutturalII-guttural III-guttural 3ms קָטַל עָמַדבָּחַר שָׁלַח 3fs קָטְלָה עָמְדָהבָּחֲרָה שָׁלְחָה 2ms קָטַלְתָּ עָמַדְתָּבָּחַרְתָּ שָׁלַחְתָּ 2fs קָטַלְתְּ עָמַדְתְּבָּחַרְתְּ שָׁלַחַתְּ 1cs קָטַלְתִּי עָמַדְתִּיבָּחַרְתִּי שָׁלַחְתִּי 3cp קָטְלוּ עָמְדוּבָּחֲרוּ שָׁלְחוּ 2mp קְטַלְתֶּם עֲמַדְתֶּםבְּהַרְתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם 2fp קְטַלְתֶּן עֲמַדְתֶּןבְּהַרְתֶּן שְׁלַחְתֶּן 1cp קָטַלְנוּ עָמַדְנוּבָּחַרְנוּ שָׁלַחְנוּ Notice that some gutturals have a shewa. Why?

3. Because נ is a weak consonant, the final נ in נָתַן changes when placed next to a suffix that begins with a ת or another נ. Nun Assimilation: The change that occurs is called “assimilation,” which means that the נ drops off and leaves a dagesh in the ת or נ of the suffix. PNG Standard III- נ 3ms קָטַל נָתַן 3fs קָטְלָה נָתְנָה 2ms קָטַלְתָּ נָתַתָּ 2fs קָטַלְתְּ נָתַתְּ 1cs קָטַלְתִּי נָתַתִּי 3cp קָטְלוּ נָתְנוּ 2mp קְטַלְתֶּם נְתַתֶּם 2fp קְטַלְתֶּן נְתַתֶּן 1cp קָטַלְנוּ נָתַנּוּ If you do not see the three root consonants of the verb, check for a dagesh in the suffixes that begin with ת or נ. The appearance of a dagesh serves as a clue that the missing root consonant could be a נ. Forms of the verb נָתַן occur over 2,000 times in the Hebrew Bible.

5. Some nouns do not follow the standard rules for pluralization. Note the following irregular plural forms: The contraction of the stems for אַיִל and זַיִת in the plural form: ram אַיִלאֵילִים olive זַיִתזֵיתִים The identical singular and plural stems for the following singular and plural nouns: warrior גִּבּוֹרגִּבּוֹרִים poor אֶבְיוׁןאֶבְיוׁנִים Nouns ending in ֶה drop their III-root ֶה when pluralized: field שָדֶהשָדוֹת shepherd רׁעֶהרׁעִים