Hand printing techniques By Rhian Norman

Index  Stencil printing  Lino cutting  Screen printing  Letter pressing  Photocopying  Laser printing

Stencil printing O What is it? - It is when you have a piece of card or paper, and you draw a shape on it then cut out what you to have painted in later, then when you are done cutting out, you need to place a piece of card or paper underneath you stencil hold it down with blue tack and paint over the stencil in what ever colour you want, when you are done and it is dry, take the stencil of the card or paper behind and you should be left with your picture that you cut out. O What skills and knowledge are needed? – you need to be able to cut out objects out of a piece of card or paper, people should know how to handle the objects properly so that they wont hurt them self's, as long as they don’t point the sharp at any body else, they need to be able to dab or paint over the stencil.

Stencil printing O Who has used it? – Banksy O Where is it used? – it is mostly used in schools, and with street artists such as the one above as they want to get there are finished before the police arrive so having stencils allows them to do it really quickly and effectively

Stencil printing O Cost? – This art form can be very cheep as you would only have to pay for paper, paint and a brush. Many of the equipment can already be found in the house. O Equipment? – something to get the stencil out with, something to put the paint on, paint, paper, paint brush and something to do the painting on. O Speed of process? – depends on the paint that you get, how long it takes you to cut out your stencil, how much paint you applied in the first place, and the type of material that you apply your paint to, because if you have card then it would dry quicker then paper would. O How many can you make? Is it a one-off or easy to make 100? – you are not able to make more then about 5 with this technique.

Stencil printing O First of all you will want to get a picture or draw one yourself, then when you have done that, you want to cut out the bits that you will want to be painted. When that is all done you will want to set up an area to paint, lay out some old news papers and then place a piece of card with you stencil placed on top of it on the floor where you have just laid out the old paper. When this is done get a paper plate and put some of your chosen paint on to it, when this is done get a paint brush and start applying to your stencil. Wait for the paint to dry and when it is done you may take the stencil of the card and you should have a pattern left over.

Stencil printing Advantages Disadvantages O It makes for a nice clean print. O You can make up to 5 prints before the paper stencil breaks O It makes for a nice effect when finished. O Cheep O You can not make loads by doing I this way. O The cutting out of he stencil can be time consuming. O If the stencil breaks you have to start again

 What is it? – it is where you cut out bits of lino to make a pattern or shape paint over the material and then paste on to a piece of card.  What skills and knowledge are needed? – no real skills are needed other then being able to get parts of the lino out, and knowledge that is needed to be know is that you should never point the cutter towards yourself. LINO CUTTING

 Where is it used? – it could be used for posers or for pieces of art, it is a good thing to uses as you are able to use it time and time again.  Who has used it? - Christine McCarthy LINO CUTTING

 Cost – it will not cost people that much as lino cost about £1.50 for a A4 sheet, and then the paints wont cost to much either and the paper as well so the price would come to just under a £5.  Equipment? – lino, paint, paper, paint brush, paper plate and some old news paper.  Speed of process – it will take about an hour and a half in total, that includes setting up, cutting out, painting and laying of the shape and drying.  How may can you make, is it a one off or easy to make 100? – you could make up to 100 as the lino is a very tough material, so unlike stencils would be able to under take more printing. LINO CUTTING

It is very similar to wood cuts, it is as printing method where you cut out bit of the material linoleum where you want the picture to stay white, and then you just apply paint to the top surface of the material and a picture/ print will be created. It is a much easier way of creating prints then using wood as linoleum does not have a grain like wood does so that means that there is no need to cut in just one direction, and it is easier to cut through the material. LINO CUTTING First of all you need a piece of linoleum, when you have got this you want to start etching in a pattern on to it When you have finished etching in your pattern, you want to apply paint to the top layer of your print When you are done you can place the print on top of a piece of paper, and it should leave a print in its place when it is removed

 Does not cost to much to do.  You can make loads of prints using it.  It is a fun and creative may of printing things your self.  It does not give as good of an effect as other technique's do.  Can not be used for as many things as other printing methods can.  Can be hard to find the lino.  Cutting out can be time consuming. Advantages Disadvantages LINO CUTTING

 What is it? – it is where you make a stencil, place it under a mesh square, apply paint and spread across the mesh surface, when you are done lift the mesh and the stencil and your pattern or shape should then be left over on the paper below.  What skills and knowledge are needed? – you need to be able to know how to cut out shapes, and when you are spreading the paint you need to know how to do it evenly and not just get the whole thing wet. Screen printing

 Where is it used? – it can be used for a lot of things, but I would say that it is mainly used for posters.  Who has used it? – Ben Rider, Blexbolex and Philip Huntington, also known as Dogboy Screen printing

 Cost – it will cost more then the others as the equipment will have to be bought from and arts place and this can make it expensive, so you will be looking for about a cost of £10.  Equipment – you will need paint, paper, the mess board and spreader, some old paper and cutters.  Speed of process – it will talk you about 2 hours to do every thing, that includes, cutting, spreading, laying out of materials, and drying.  How many can you make? Is it a one off or easy to make 100? – it would not be able to make 100, but it also would not be used solely for one offs, I would say that it would be able to make about 25 before the paper got to wet to do it again. Screen printing

Screen printing is an easy process to do to create prints on to mostly any surface, to do it you need to create a stencil, this can be done by using a variety of different materials, then when you are done place the stencil where you want it to go and then place a screen over the stencil, when you have done that you can then apply the paint to the screen and then using a piece of card of something of that nature spread the paint evenly across the surface of the mesh screen when this is done you can lift the screen up and then leave the paint to dry when it has dried you can lift the stencil of and a print can then be seen. Screen printing

AdvantagesDisadvantages  Can be hard to get an even coverage with the paint.  It is not a widely used art form so it will be hard to find the equipment.  Can get a bit messy.  It gives a nice effect.  Does not cost to much to do.  Can leave you with a nice effect. Screen printing

 What is it? – it is where you use a press to print out what you want, for instance the books used to be made this way, when the page was written out by little letter stencils you could then just apply ink to it and then the print would come out the same every time.  What skills and knowledge are needed? – spelling, grammar, punctuation and patience. Letter printing.

 Where is it used? – books and papers.  Who has used it? - Johann Gutenberg, he was the man who invented the printing press. Letter printing.

 Cost – it will cost you a lot, as you would have to pay for the press and the letters, and everything else.  Equipment – letter press, letters for the letter press, ink and paper.  Speed of process – I would take you about 1 hour  How many can you make? Is it a one off or easy to make 100? – you can easily make 100 and over. Letter printing.

 To do letter printing all you have to do is get some letter prints, (they can be made out of rubber or metal and will have to face the other way round from what they usually are so that when you print using them, the print will be the right way round on the paper) write what you want in the letters, then apply ink and press paper on to the letters to print. Letter printing.

Advantages  You can makes loads of copy's of it.  All the copy's will look the same.  It will look more professional then other printing types Disadvantages  Expensive.  Time consuming.  Hard to get your hands on the right materials.

Photocopying  What is it? – it is where you have a picture or some text, you place in on a photocopier and then the picture that then comes out is a copy of what you put in there in the first place.  What skills and knowledge are needed? – all that is needed is the knowledge that you should not look at the laser as it is copying the image, because that is what the lid it there to stop you from looking at, and also don’t mess around with the machine as you could break it.

Photocopying  Where is it used? – it is mainly used for posters, in the work place to make multiple copy's of a text or for interactions.  Who has used it? - Chester Carlson is the man who made the first photocopier.

Photocopying  Cost – they can be very expensive to buy so you are looking at about over £200 for a photocopier.  Equipment – the photocopier, paper and the thing that you have already made that you want to copy. ( also just check that there is ink in the printer, or else it wont work.)  Speed of process – can be very quick but it depends on the printer that you are using, as some makes may be faster then others and also they ma  How many can you make? Is it a one off or easy to make 100? – you can make as may copy's as you like as long as you keep refusing the ink on the letters.

Photocopying  First you have to open the lid of the copier, when you have done this you may place the paper that you want photocopied in it, then you close the lid, you press for the amount of copy's that you want and press the button for it to start copying, when it is done you may remove the original print from the top of the machine and then the copied prints should all be together in a tray at the side of the machine.

Photocopying Advantages  You can make lots of copy's  You can have different colours on the same piece of paper only after printing it once.  Looks neat.  fast Disadvantages  Cost.  Does not look as inviting as hand prints do  It is a large thing to have so it will take up lots of space.

LASER PRINTING  What is it? – it is where you do something on the computer, for example a word document and then you want a physical copy of it you print it out, so you would send it to the printer and it would make a physical copy of it for you.  What skills and knowledge are needed? – you do not need any skills other then computer ones to operate it, and then the knowledge that you would need to use it would be to know that it needs to be turned on to use it and full up with paper and toner.

LASER PRINTING  Where is it used? – in all every day life, people are more likely to use it in work and educational places though.  Who has used it? – mostly everyone alive today will have at some point in there life used a printer. Gary Starkweather was the man who invented the laser printer.

LASER PRINTING  Cost – printers can be expensive, the toner as well but the paper can be cheep to buy.  Equipment – photo copier, toner and paper.  Speed of process – fast, but it also depends on the modal that you have and how old that model is.  How many can you make? Is it a one off or easy to make 100? – you can make over 100 copy's of the same thing and keep on going.

LASER PRINTING  To print out on a laser printer all you have to do it create something on a computer, whether it be on word or PowerPoint, you go to the top left side of the screen click on file, go down to print, select the amount that you want printed and then press the print button, the laser printer should then print out what you have been working on. I have added to the right a detailed example of the inside of a laser printer.

 Neat work it produced.  Fast.  You are able to print as many copy's out of the same thing you like until the toner or paper run out.  Expensive  Large  Costs a lot to run. LASER PRINTING Advantages Disadvantages