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 Matter and change ◦ The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter ◦ The processes that matter undergoes  Why is chemistry important?

 Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass  Matter is made up of particles which are in continual, random motion

 Three main states of matter: ◦ Solid ◦ Liquid ◦ Gas States of Matter of Water

 Three main states of matter: ◦ Solid ◦ Liquid ◦ Gas States of Matter of Water

 Three main states of matter: ◦ Solid ◦ Liquid ◦ Gas States of Matter of Water ICE WATER STEAM or WATER VAPOR

 Particles in solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position  Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume Particle Movement

 Particles of liquids are tightly packed (similar to solids), but are far enough apart to slide over one another.  Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Particle Movement

 Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.  Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Particle Movement

Solid Liquid Gas Melt Evaporate Condense Freeze Sublime Phase Changes Increasing Temperature

 States of Matter Interactive Animation States of Matter Interactive Animation  Questions to think about: ◦ 1. Click on each of the three phases. Does your understanding of particle spacing and movement from what you just learned match the animation? ◦ 2. What do you think will happen to the particles and their movement for each phase change given? Predict what will happen to the particles BEFORE clicking on each of the change processes between phases. ◦ 3. Which processes involve adding heat (increasing temperature)? Reducing heat (decreasing temperature)? ◦ *Note: “Evaporate” in the prior slide is viewed as “Boiling” in the animation. These describe the same process.

 Physical properties ◦ Characteristics observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance  Examples, color, shape, odor, density, melting point, freezing point  Chemical properties ◦ The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change  Examples: rusting, fermenting, combusting

 Physical changes ◦ The identity of the substance remains the same ◦ Only the appearance changes  Examples: melting a marshmallow, cutting, mixing, changing from one state of matter to another  Chemical changes ◦ Change the chemical nature and properties of substances to form new substances ◦ Occur as a result of chemical reactions  Examples: burning a marshmallow, formation of a gas when combining soda and Mentos

 Sugar dissolving in tea

PHYSICAL CHANGE

 Fireworks exploding

CHEMICAL CHANGE

 Popcorn popping

PHYSICAL CHANGE

 Breaking a bone  Mending a bone

 Breaking a bone PHYSICAL CHANGE  Mending a bone CHEMICAL CHANGE

 Topics such as chemical reactions, signs of a chemical reaction, forms of matter (atom, element, compound, mixtures, pure substance), and the periodic table will be covered  A multi-representational view of all concepts will be sought, incorporating 2-D pictures in the lesson, animations, and supplementary websites that will help students learn about matter  More student-response sets will be generated including: ◦ More examples of physical and chemical changes ◦ Examples of different forms of matter, containing molecular as well as macroscopic pictures ◦ Questions about the general arrangement of the periodic table

 When discussing the periodic table, a multitude of interactive websites are available which can engage students, allowing them to view the different properties of each element  A self-check quiz and/or guide will be developed to help students assess their own learning. This would be one of the last slides in the presentation, with an answer key that would direct students back to slides that covered the appropriate material in the case of incorrect answers necessitating review.