1. Matter and Change

2. What exactly is matter?

3. Matter: anything that has a mass and volume
Matter: anything that has a mass and volume. It is classified by its chemical and physical properties
Is air matter?

4. Mass – a measure of the amount of matter the object contains

5. 1. Extensive Properties-depends on how much matter is present
Describing Matter
1. Extensive Properties-depends on how much matter is present
Examples:
Mass
Volume
Length

6. 2. Intensive Properties- depends on the type of matter in a sample
Describing Matter
2. Intensive Properties- depends on the type of matter in a sample
Examples:
hardness
Physical Properties
color
density
temperature
Melting and boiling points

7. Physical Properties
Refer to the condition or quality of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.
Examples: density, conductivity, melting point, boiling point, malleability, and ductility.

8. Chemical Property: the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical reaction and form a new substance
Rust

9. States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas

10. Solids Solids are matter with definite shape and definite volume
Particles are packed together in an orderly arrangement
Can not be compressed

11. Liquids
Liquids are a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, and has a definite volume.
Particle arrangement is not rigid or orderly
Almost incompressible

12. Gases Can be easily compressed
Gases are forms of matter that take both the shape and volume of the container.
Particles are in random positions and spaced out
Can be easily compressed
Are the terms gas and vapor interchangeable?

13. Plasma
A fourth state of matter is plasma. Plasma is formed when a gas is heated to a temperature at which its electrons dissociate from the nuclei

14. Classification of Matter
Matter can be classified into one of two groups: pure substances or mixtures.
Matter
Can it be separated?
yes No
Mixture
Pure Substance

15. Classification of Matter
Can it be separated?
yes No
Mixture
Pure Substance
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous

16. Mixture- a physical blend of two or more kinds of matter.
Mixtures
Mixture- a physical blend of two or more kinds of matter.
Classifying Mixtures
1. Heterogeneous
2. Homogeneous

17. 1. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Different composition throughout; you can see the different substances that are mixed together
Sand
Trail Mix

18. 2. Homogeneous Mixtures
Same composition and properties throughout
A homogeneous mixture is more than one substance mixed together so well that it looks, feels and seems as though it is one substance and had dissolved together.
~Another name for a homogeneous mixture is a solution.

19. A phase is any part of a sample with the same composition and properties.
How many phases are in a homogeneous mixture? 1
How many phases are in a heterogeneous mixture?
2 or more

20. Separating Mixtures
Filtration: separates a solid from the liquid

21. Separating Mixtures
Distillation: liquids are boiled to produce a vapor which, is then condensed into a liquid.

22. Separating Mixtures
Decanting: pouring one phase from a container and leaving the remaining phase.

23. Chromatography: passing a mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through a stationary phase

24. Classification of Matter
Can it be separated?
yes No
Mixture
Pure Substance
Compound
Element

25. Substances can be classified into two categories:
1. Elements
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom that has a unique set of properties.

26. 2. Compounds
A substance that is made of atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded

27. Matter
Can it be separated?
yes No
Mixture
Pure Substance
Uniform Composition?
Does it break down? No
yes
yes No
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Compound
Element