1. MATTER
Unit 12
Part 1

2. What are the properties of matter?
Section 1
What are the properties of matter?

3. The study of matter and the reactions of matter is called chemistry.
Scientists who study matter are called chemists.

4. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Mass is the amount of matter something contains.
Volume is the amount of space matter takes up.

5. Properties are characteristics used to describe an object.
Properties of Matter
How would you describe an orange?
Orange, bumpy, and round
Color, texture, and shape are properties of matter.
Properties are characteristics used to describe an object.

6. Basic Properties of Matter
There are four basic properties of matter that should be used when trying to describe matter.
Mass
How much matter something contains
Volume
How much space matter takes up
Weight
A measure of the pull of gravity on an object
Density
How much matter is in a certain volume

7. 12-1 Check Questions
All the objects you see around you are made up of ___________.
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up _________.
____________ are characteristics used to describe matter.
The 4 basic properties of matter are:
_____________
matter
space
Properties
mass
volume
weight
density

8. What are the three phases of matter?
Section 2
What are the three phases of matter?

9. Phases of Matter A phase is a form of matter.
There are three main phases of matter:
Solids
Liquids
Gases

10. Solids Definite shape Definite volume
Particles are tightly packed together
Particles vibrate in place
Lowest amount of energy

11. Liquids Indefinite shape Definite volume Particles are close together
takes shape of container
Definite volume
Particles are close together
Particles can slide past one another
Higher energy than solids

12. Gases Indefinite shape Indefinite volume Particles are far apart
takes shape of container
Indefinite volume
takes up as much space as possible
Particles are far apart
Particles are in constant motion and move freely
Highest amount of energy.

13. 12-2 Check Questions What are the three main phases of matter?
________ ________ ________
In what phase of matter do particles vibrate in place? _____
In what phase of matter do the particles have the most energy? ____
Liquids have a(n) _______ shape and a(n) __________ volume.
solid
liquid
gas
solid
gas
indefinite
definite

14. How does matter change phase?
Section 3
How does matter change phase?

15. There are Four Main Kinds of Phase Changes
Freezing
Melting
Evaporation
Condensation
Matter can change from one phase to another.
A change in matter from one phase to another is called a phase change.
During a phase change, there is a change in heat energy.
A substance either gains or loses heat energy to change from one phase to another.

16. Freezing LIQUID  SOLID Freezing is a change from a liquid to a solid.
Freezing occurs when the temperature of a liquid reaches its freezing point.
At its freezing point, a liquid loses enough heat to change to a solid.
LIQUID  SOLID
What happened here?

17. Melting A change from a solid to a liquid.
When the temperature rises above the freezing point.
Melting occurs when a solid gains enough heat energy to change into a liquid.
SOLID  LIQUID
What is happening here?

18. Evaporation Evaporation is a change from a liquid to a gas.
Evaporation occurs when liquid gains enough heat energy to change to a gas.
LIQUID GAS
What is happening here?

19. What is on the outside of the glass and how did it get there?
Condensation
Condensation is a change from a gas to a liquid.
Condensation occurs when gas loses enough heat energy to change to a liquid.
GAS  LIQUID
What is on the outside of the glass and how did it get there?

20. 12.3 Check Questions Write answers on the SmartBoard.
Melting is a change from a solid to a ___________.
Water changing into ice is an example of _______.
A change in matter from one phase to another is called ___________________.
A change from a liquid to a gas is called ________.
Water vapor changing to liquid water is an example of ______________.

21. What are physical and chemical changes?
Section 4
What are physical and chemical changes?

22. Physical Properties
Physical Properties
Examples
Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical makeup of a substance.
Mass
Weight
Volume
Density
Shape
Size
Taste
Color
Smell
Texture

23. Physical Changes Change that does not produce a new substance.
Definition
Examples
Change that does not produce a new substance.
A physical change only changes some of the properties of the substance – not all!
Cutting an apple in half
Changes its size
Crumpling paper
Changes its shape
Freezing water
Changes its phase

24. Chemical Changes Change that produces a new substance.
Definition
Examples
Change that produces a new substance.
The end product is completely different from what you started with.
Burning paper
Rusting metal
Cooking/Baking
Digestion of food
Burning fuel

25. Unit 12: Part 1 – Study Guide
Know the definition of matter, chemistry, and chemist.
Understand properties of matter and be able to give examples.
Know the 4 basic properties of matter.
Know the three main phases of matter.
Be able to describe the phases in terms of shape, volume, energy, particle arrangement and particle motion.
Be able to describe (in detail) the four main phase changes.
Understand physical changes and be able to give examples.
Understand chemical changes and be able to give examples.