1. Study for Science
Matter

2. What properties define matter?
Mass – measured in grams
Volume – measured in ml or cm³
Weight – measured in grams, ounces, pounds, etc.
Density – measured in g/cm³

3. How do we measure these things?
A triple beam balance measures…
Mass
A spring scale measures…
Weight
Water displacement can help measure…
Volume of an irregular shaped item

4. We use formulas to calculate measurements.
To find Mass - M= d x v
To find Volume – V= m ÷ d or V = l x w x h
To find Density – D= m ÷ v

5. What are Physical and Chemical properties of matter?
Physical properties – something that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
Chemical properties – describes a substance’s ability to form new substances with new properties

6. Examples of Physical Properties
Mass, weight, volume, density
Color, size, shape
Texture, hardness, luster
Conductivity, magnetism, ductility
Solubility, malleability, state of matter
Melting point, freezing point, boiling point

7. Examples of Chemical Properties
Reactivity to other substances
Oxidation (reaction to oxygen that forms rust)
Combustion (reaction to oxygen that releases heat)
Ripening, flammability

8. Conservation of Mass
Mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes
Mass is conserved – or stays the same
For example: melting ice into water or boiling water. When these physical changes occur, the mass of the substance remains the same.
Another example : mixing baking soda with vinegar. When they are combined, a gas is produced and the mass remains the same.

9. States of Matter How do particles move in solids liquids and gases?
Solids – particles do not move, are close together and organized
Liquids – particles are close together and move freely around each other
Gas – particles move quickly and freely and are far apart from each other

10. Particle motion and properties of matter
Solids have a definite shape and volume
Liquids have a definite volume, but can change shape
Gases can change in volume and shape
When substances change state, the motion of the particles change

11. What happens when matter changes state?
Energy is gained and lost
Particle motion changes
Energy is conserved

12. How do solids and liquids change state?
Freezing – when liquid becomes and solid – energy is lost
Melting – when a solid becomes a liquid – energy is gained
Boiling – when a liquid becomes a gas – energy is gained
Evaporation – when some liquid particles move fast enough and become a gas – energy is gained
Condensation – when a gas becomes a liquid – energy is lost

13. Two special changes
Sublimation – when a solid changes directly into a gas – energy is gained
Deposition – when a gas is changed directly into a solid – energy is lost