The trade route that transported African slaves to the Americas … Middle Passage

An Aztec emperor …. Moctezuma

People who take financial risk to make profits … entrepreneurs

the Spanish who vanquished the Americas … conquistadors

A system used to force Native Americans to labor under brutal conditions? encomiendas

Those who ruled Spain’s colonies in the name of the spanish monarchs… Viceroys

An economic policy based on a nation exporting more goods than imports… mercantilism

An explorer who fought and subdued the Aztec… Hernan Cortes

Claimed much of present-day eastern Canada for France… Jacques Cartier

Pirates who operated with the approval of European governments… Privateers

To conquer the Aztecs empire, Hernan Cortes… Formed alliances with conquered people who hated the Aztecs

The conquistador who added the lands of the present-day countries of Peru, Ecuador, and Chile to the Spanish empire was… Francisco Pizarro

At the top of Spanish colonial society were the…. peninsulares

Through the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494…. Portugal claimed its empire of brazil.

The population of New France grew slowly because…. The harsh winters kept many French from settling there

Havens for persecuted religious groups. The English colonies of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Maryland were mainly set up as… Havens for persecuted religious groups.

The first leg of the triangular trade route.. Brought Europeans goods to Africa

What is an estimate of the number of Africans that probably died in passage to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade… 2 million

Silver and gold from the Americans Widespread inflation struck Europe in the mid-1500s due to the increasing amounts of… Silver and gold from the Americans

Tariffs increased the price of imported goods What mercantilism policy was designed to protect local industries from foreign competition… Tariffs increased the price of imported goods

Claimed their land for the Spanish King When he encountered the Taino people in the West Indies , Christopher Columbus… Claimed their land for the Spanish King

He thought they might have been gods When the Aztec emperor first heard about the arrival of Spanish explorers, he sent them gifts because… He thought they might have been gods

The Spanish king maintained strict control over his empire through… His council of Indies in Spain that monitored colonial officials

In Spanish colonial society, creoles were… Native-born descendant of Spanish settlers

To ensure that its colonies would be profitable, Spain … Established strict trade laws for its colonial

In 1607, the English established their first permanent colony in the Americas at… Jamestown, Virginia

Dutch sugar-producing islands in the caribbean What lands did Britain gain as a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1763? Dutch sugar-producing islands in the caribbean

Which foods were first introduced to the Americas by Europeans through the Columbian Exchange? Wheat and grapes

The laws forbade inslavement and abuse of Native Americans. How did Spain try to change its American colonies with the New Laws of the Indies in 1542? The laws forbade inslavement and abuse of Native Americans.

What is true about the economic system of capitalism? It encourages private ownership of most businesses.

The establishment of the “putting-out system” would later lead to… Capitalist-owned factories of the Industrial Revolution

The Mayflower Compact … Set out guidelines for governing the Plymouth colony.

What did the Spanish do in their effort to gain control of the Incas? They captured the Inca ruler Atahualpa.

Joint stock companies allowed early European capitalists to …. Raise large amounts of capital

The period in European history in the 1500s when rising inflation rose rapidly is known as … The price revolution