The World of Islam Chapter 26

Three Nations Modernize EgyptTurkeyIran When did they become independent? Who was famous leader? Review Questions Vocabulary Review Page 589Vocab 1-5

Turkey Becomes a Country The Turks created their country after WWI Kemal Ataturk abolished the Ottoman Empire and made Turkey a Republic Ataturk means ‘Father of the Turks’

Ataturk’s Reforms The government built industry Separate church and state (secular) –Western law replaced Islamic law –Women could vote and hold public office –Public schools separate from religious schools Turkey began using the western calendar, alphabet, clothing (no veils in public)

Egypt Egypt became a battle ground between the British and French Both countries wanted to build a canal across the Isthmus of Suez Muhammad Ali: Fought against the French; became governor of Egypt

Ali’s Reforms Brought in Europeans to teach military tactics and scientific training Improved farming techniques; introduced cash crops (tobacco, cotton, sugar) Crushed Egyptian economy because he borrowed too much money from European countries

France & Britain control Egyptian Economy France won the right to build the Suez Canal in 1859; Canal opened 1869 Britain bought control of the Suez Canal to help the Egyptian government Egypt wins independence in 1922 Egypt gains control of the Suez Canal from Britain in 1956

Iran Britain and Russia competed over Iran to gain access to the Persian Gulf Reza Khan led the Iranians to remove foreign control of his country Under his direction Iran adopted western culture –Clothing, women’s rights, education, government

Palestine Great Britain controlled Palestine 20’s & 30’s Jews wanted to return to Jerusalem since the Diaspora of 70 A.D. Jews faced anti-Semitism as they tried to create their own state Theodor Herzl let the Zionist movement, movement to create a Jewish state

Balfour Declaration A British document which declared Palestine as the national home for the Jewish People The document also said “…nothing should be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine…” That meant Palestine belonged to Arabs because they lived there

Arabs in Palestine Wealthy Arab business men sold their farms to Jewish immigrants Arab farmers fought against losing their land Arabs attacked new Jewish settlements, Jewish people fought back War comes to Palestine