2. Arabs had helped the Allied Powers fight the Ottomans during WWI – British officer T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) helped lead the Arab revolt against the Ottomans – Had been promised that they would gain independence at the end of the war

3. Great Britain and France divided up the Ottoman lands between themselves – Established Mandates Form of imperialism where territories were administered by European powers – Britain controlled Palestine and Iraq – France controlled Syria and Lebanon Arab nationalists sought to be free of foreign control

4. Nationalism led to Pan-Arabism – Movement that sought Arab unity based on a shared heritage

5. Discovery of huge oil reserves in the Middle East increased interest in region by industrialized nations – Led to rapid economic changes and development – Foreign business invested money in developing oil fields – Western nations tried to dominate the region

6. A movement which called for the creation of an independent Jewish state in Palestine – started by Theodor Herzl in 1896 Had been concerned by the rise of Anti-Semitism and pogroms against Jews in European countries – Arabs and Jews had lived on this land Had been part of the Ottoman Empire before WWI

7. Britain issued the The Balfour Declaration which supported a Jewish homeland in Palestine – Said it should not displace Arabs living there – Arabs opposed the idea

8. Palestine became a British mandate after WWI – Large numbers of Jews began moving to Palestine – Increased tensions between Jews and Arabs – Modern state of Israel was created by the United Nations after WWII

10. How are Pan Slavism, Pan Arabism, and Zionism similar? Why were industrialized nations interested in the Middle East?