1. Why did Islam spread rapidly? 1. Arab Armies spread the faith. 2. Die in service meant instant paradise. 3. Money and goods from conquered lands. 4. Some welcomed Islam. 5. Non-Muslim taxed promoted conversion. The faith emphasizes the equality of all believers, therefore it is readily accepted.

2. What caused the split in Islam? 1.All was well until the 4 th Caliph Ali, was murdered. 2.He was Muhammad’s son-in-law. 3.A rival of Ali claimed the office. 4.Ali’s son challenged the position and was murdered also. 5.Ali’s followers banded together, left, and formed their own empire. 6.They became Shi’ites, said only Muhammad’s descendents should become a Caliph. 7.Sunni’s believed any devout Muslim could become Caliph.

3. Who was Saladin? He was the noble warrior who took Jerusalem back from the Christians. He defeated the Christians at the Horn of Hattin. He reclaimed the Dome of the Rock and ruled with dignity and was fair to all.

4. The Ottoman Empire and Suleiman Turkish speaking Muslims who defeated the Byzantines by capturing Constantinople. Suleiman introduced a structured government. He reformed society under his laws, he was called “the lawgiver.” At the head of government was the “Sultan.”

5. What was the difference between the Safavids and the Ottomans? Safavids were Shi’ites who build an empire in Iran. The Ottomans were in modern day Turkey and were Sunni. Abbas was the Safavid leader who welcomed non- Shi’ites to build his strength against the Ottomans. He took the title of Shah (king), and welcomed Europeans. His legacy lasted until 1979, when the Shah was deposed and Iran became a Theocracy.

6. Imperialism and Nationalism Who was a threat to the Ottoman’s? 1. European Imperialism (extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.) Russia, Austria-Hungary. 2. Nationalism (policy or doctrine of asserting the interests of one's own nation.) the Greeks, Serbs, Romanians, Bulgarians. 3. The Ottomans tried to reform their schools and government but it only created a backlash.

7. What did the Young Turks want? 1. They (a group of army officers) resist the reforms of the Ottoman government and want to return it to the old Ottoman way. 2. They overthrow the Sultan, distrust Arabs. 3. They are responsible for putting down resistance by force. They are responsible for the Armenian genocide.

8. Who did the Ottoman’s side with during World War I  They made the mistake of siding with Germany.  Germany declared war on Britain, Russia and France.  The Ottomans disliked the Russians because they had taken some territory from them and encouraged the Bulgarians and Armenians to do the same.

9. What did defeat of the Germans do to the Ottomans? 1.Under the Treaty of Versailles, the Ottoman Empire was stripped and divided between the British, and French. 2.Britain gained Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine. 3.France gained Syria and Lebanon.

10. What did Ataturk do with the old Ottoman Empire? He turned it into a secular state. He made the government fund industry. Separated religion and state. He replaced the Sharia with a new law code. Women could vote and hold public office. Established public schools along western lines. He westernized society. He outlawed wearing veils and the fez.

11. Who was Reza Khan? 1. He was a former army officer who seized power. 2. He made himself Shah (King). 3. He nationalized industry. 4. He built roads and infrastructure. 5. Modernized the army. 6. He reduced the power of the clergy.

12. What caused conflict over Palestine and what is Zionism? Britain had the mandate over Palestine. Jewish persecution throughout the world had caused a movement to build a Jewish state – Zionism, led by Theodore Herzl. In 1917 Lord Balfour had declared British support for a Jewish homeland. Jews started immigrating to Palestine, many Arabs were selling the land to them.