CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)

. NUTRIENTS: needed by all organisms for 1. __________ and 2. ______________ energy building blocks ORGANIC VS. INORGANIC a) Fill in the type of nutrient for each category. MACRONUTRIENT (need to consume ______) ORGANIC (made by living things) INORGANIC 1. MICRONUTRIENT (need to consume ______) ORGANIC 1. INORGANIC 1. carbohydrates proteins lipids (fats) water vitamins minerals lots little

. CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) = 6 carbon ring = 6 glycerol = fatty acid (FA) = amino acids (aa)  20 different kinds b) Use the simplified images of the monomers shown below to draw a sketch of each of the following tables. MONOMERS:

Simple carbohydrates “SUGAR” Monosaccharide glucose, fructose (fruits), galactose Disaccharides Disaccharides: maltose (beer), sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk) ****Simple Carbohydrates****

. CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) I. CARBOHYDRATES : Contain elements _____, _____, _____ Monomer = _______________ Diagram: General function: ______________ CHO glucose ring energy

. CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) I. CARBOHYDRATES : TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES No. of Units Diagram EXAMPLES FOOD SOURCE SPECIFIC FUNCTIONNUTRIENT TEST 1. mono- saccharide 1 1. glucose honeydirect fuel for mitochondria Benedict’s blue  orange (when heated) 2. fructose fruit 2. di- saccharide 2 1. sucrose table sugar enzymes break disaccharides into monosaccharide s for energy none 2. lactose dairy products

. CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) I. CARBOHYDRATES : TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES No. of Units Diagram EXAMPLES FOOD SOURCE SPECIFIC FUNCTIONNUTRIENT TEST 3. poly- saccharide 1. starch grains potatoes rice 1.Digested into 1000’s of monosaccharides for energy 2.how plants store energy iodine yellow  dark blue (looks black) 2. glycogen muscle liver how animals store energy 3. cellulose cell walls (celery) -tough, insoluble -no enzyme to break it down -provides roughage to help keep you regular ’s

. CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) I. CARBOHYDRATES : Plants and animals cannot directly store glucose in their cells because __________________________________________. Plants change glucose into ___________________ while animals store it as_____________________. All carbohydrates are digested into _____________________ before entering the blood stream. it is soluble & would diffuse (flow) away (out of cell) starch glycogen monosaccharides (like glucose)

. CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) II. Proteins : Contain elements ____, ____, ____, ____ ( ____) Monomer = _______________ Diagram: CHO amino acids (a.a.) N S

. CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) II. Proteins : TYPES OF PROTEINS SPECIFIC FUNCTIONEXAMPLESNUTRIENT TEST 1. structural proteins insoluble proteins which make up all body parts muscles, bone, hair, skin Biuret turqoise  violet 2. enzymessoluble proteins which speed up chemical reactions in your body found in saliva, gastric juice 3. hormonessoluble proteins made in glands & carried by the blood to target cells  regulate metabolism testosterone estrogen insulin adrenalin

. CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) II. PROTEINS : All proteins are digested into ________________ before entering the blood stream. Your body takes these building blocks and makes its own characteristic proteins. 20 different aa’s essential a.a.’s = _______ ______ = non-essential a.a.’s complete proteins incomplete proteins amino acids Your body can’t make these so you must consume them in your food Your body can make these contain all 8 essential a.a.’s don’t contain all 8 essential a.a.’s ex. animal proteins like meat, fish, eggs ex. plant proteins like nuts, seeds, beans 8 12

. CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) III. LIPIDS (FATS) : Contain elements _____, _____, _____ Monomers = _______________ & ___________________ General functions: 1. energy: twice as much energy as carbohydrates 2. insulation: helps keep heat in & cold out 3. cushions: layer of fat around vital organs 4. storage: long term energy storage 5. cell membrane: major component 6. dissolves fat-soluble vitamins Diagram: CHO glycerol 3 fatty acids

. CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) III. LIPIDS (FATS) : TYPES OF LIPIDS CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLESDANGERS NUTRIENT TEST 1. SATURATED solid at room temperature animal fat i.e. bacon, butter cholesterol arteriosclerosis (arteries harden) atherosclerosis (arteries get clogged Trans- luscent stain test 2. UNSATURATED liquid at room temperature plant fat i.e. olive oil obesity heart attack All fats are digested into _______________________ before they can enter the body. glycerol & 3 fatty acids

Homework Page 35 # 1, 3 – 5, 15 (a, b)