1. The Building Blocks of LIFE Biomolecules
Importance of Carbon- Although a cell is composed of 70-95% water most of the rest is carbon-based compounds.

2. Structure of Carbon
Atom # 6: 6 protons & 6 electrons; 2 in first shell & 4 in second
has 4 valance electrons- so can make four covalent bonds
can also form bonds w/other carbon atoms
compounds with carbon-carbon bonds called organic

3. Macromolecules
are large molecules that are formed by joining smaller molecules together
Polymers
these are large molecules made up of similar or identical building blocks
Monomers
are the building blocks or sub units of polymers
Biomolecules are Classes of macromolecules
carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
nucleic acids

4. Mono = __________ 1 2 3
Many
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]

5. Poly = _________ 1 2 3
Many
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]

6. Macro = ________
Small
Big
Many
Life
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]

7. Di = ________ 1 2 3
Many
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]

8. Carbohydrates
Elements: C, H, O, always a 2:1 ratio of H atoms to O atoms (2H:1O)
Monomer: monosaccharide
Function: immediate and stored energy; building material
Where found in body: bloodstream, liver; cell walls of plants & fungus
Food source: sugar & starches

9. Carbohydrate Examples:
Monosaccharides: (one sugar)
glucose (C6H12O6)- preferred energy molecule for most organism; including humans
galactose- one component of milk
fructose- found in some fruits

10. Carbohydrate Examples:
2. Disaccharides: two monosaccharides bonded together
sucrose- table sugar: glucose + fructose
lactose- milk sugar: glucose + galactose

11. Carbohydrate Examples:
3. Polysaccharides: many monosaccharides bonded together; two groups
a. Storage Polysaccharides: long polymers of glucose; broken down for needed energy
Glycogen- Storage of glucose in animals Stored in liver & muscles
Starch-Storage of glucose in plants. Humans can break down to glucose for energy

12. Carbohydrate Examples:
B. Structural Polysaccharides: used for building materials
Cellulose - component of plant cell walls human unable to break down important source of fiber in our diet
Chitin - Component of fungal cell walls. Component of insect and other arthropod exoskeletal

13. Lipids: (waxy, fatty or oily compounds)
Elements: C, H, O, many more H than in a carb.
Monomer: glycerol & fatty acids
Function: energy storage; insulation; cushioning
Where found in body: cell membrane; innermost layer of skin; surrounding some organs
Food Source: butter, shortening, olive oil, ect.

14. Lipid Examples: saturated fats linked to heart disease Fats & Oils
all have 3 fatty acid tails
fats solid at room temperature
oils liquid at room temperature
saturated fats- no carbon-carbon double bonds
unsaturated fats- at least one carbon-carbon double bonds
saturated fats linked to heart disease

15. Lipid Examples:
2. Phospholipids
found in every living cell membrane

16. Lipid Examples: 3. Steroids used for hormone production
used for animal cell structure
Ex. Cholesterol

17. Proteins Elements: C, H, O, N
Monomer: amino acids, only 20 different amino acids combine in different numbers, patterns, & arrangement
Function: support, structure, protection, movement, metabolism
Where found in body: muscles, hair, skin, enzymes
Food Source: meats, peanuts, eggs

18. Protein Examples: biological catalysts that trigger chemical reactions
Enzymes
biological catalysts that trigger chemical reactions
lower the activation energy of a reaction
could not maintain homeostasis without them
Only affective in a narrow temperature and pH range

19. Nucleic Acids Elements: C, H, O, N, P Monomer: nucleotide
Function: genetic instructions & usable energy
Where found in body: nucleus of cells
Food Source: none

20. Nucleic Acids Examplse:
DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid
contains the genetic instructions for the cell
RNA- Ribonucleic acid
carries out the instructions in DNA
ATP- Adenosine triphosphate
provides useable energy for the cell

21. Identify the Biomolecule:
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]

22. Identify the Biomolecule: is made up of nucleotides and has the elements CHONP
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid

23. Identify the Biomolecule:
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]

24. Identify the Biomolecule:
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid

25. Identify the Biomolecule: is made up of amino acids and has the elements CHON and sometimes S
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid

26. Identify the Biomolecule: is made up of glycerol and fatty acids and has the elements CHO
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid

27. Identify the Biomolecule:
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid

28. Identify the Biomolecule: is made up of monosaccharaides and has the elements CHO with a 2:1 ratio
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid

29. Identify the Biomolecule: Enzymes are an example
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid

30. Identify the Biomolecule: DNA is an example
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid