Movement Angles and Saxons settle in England. Monks come to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. Vikings (Northmen), Magyars and Muslims invade areas of Europe. Cooperation The Frankish ruler Clovis converts to Christianity and gains the support of the Roman catholic church Benedictine rule emphasizes the need for monks to work together within the monastery. The system of Feudalism, based on the granting of land to nobles in exchange for military service, spreads throughout Europe. Chapter 10 Notes Conflict Charlemagne’s death leads to the decline and division of the Carolingian Empire. Schism divides the Eastern Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Church. William the Conqueror defeats Harold Godwinson in the Battle of Hastings. Uniformity The Emperor Justinian restores the Roman Empire. The Magna Carta guarantees rights and freedoms to all Englishmen.

Charlemagne, King of Franks Charles The Man Charles The Administrator Charles The Conqueror Charles The Patron of Learning Was athletic, well-spoken, and charismatic Delegated authority to loyal nobles Was an aggressive Warrior Revived classical studies Married four Times Retained local laws of conquered areas Strengthened the Frankish military Preserved Latin culture Understood Greek, spoke Latin, but possibly could not write Divided kingdom into districts Expanded and consolidated the Frankish kingdom Established monastic and palace schools Left empire to his surviving children Used missi dominici (“messengers of the lord king”) to inspect and report on provinces

Feudalism System Kings Lords Vassals/ Knights Serfs Land (fief) Fees, loyalty, Military support Land, Armed Forces, Roads,Bridges, dams & Justices in disputes among vassals (Trial by combat) Fees, loyalty, labor, Help in defending the castle Three feudal dues (ransom, Dowry, Knighthood )Fees, loyalty,Military support Protection & Economic Security

Ch.10 Key Ideas The two important medieval institutions were Feudalism and the Manorialism. Feudalism was a political system in which Lords granted fiefs to vassals in return for loyalty, military duty, and other services. The Manorial system was an economic system based on a self-sufficient manor, worked mainly by serfs (peasants). During the Middle Ages, the church performed many functions, including many of the responsibilities of modern governments. Monasticism attracted many people. Both secular and regular clergy played important roles in education, politics, economics, and the social structure. Problems such as lay investiture, the worldly lives of clergy, simony, and heresy plagued the medieval church. During the rule of the Anglo-Saxons in England, the people there accepted Christianity, and the Danes (Vikings) invaded England. After the Death of Edward the Confessor, the Normans invaded England. Henry I and Henry II increased royal authority. The English ruler himself was made subject to the law when King John was forced to accept the Magna Carta. Parliament and common law developed in England during the 1200’s. The French kings gradually extended their authority. The Capetians- Hugh Capet and his descendants- added territory and developed a strong central government. Holy Roman Emperors controlled much of Germany and Italy (known as the papal states) and struggled with the papacy for power.

Medieval Church Church hierarchy-Pope, Cardinals (Curia), Archbishop, Bishops, Priest. Church enforced laws by use of excommunication and interdict. Monks & Nuns lived monastery/convent life in order to live the perfect life through prayer, fasting, & self- denial. Church source of income was taxes (tithe), fines, fees, and income from church owned land.

Magna Carta Provisions: King John agreed not to collect any new or special taxes without consent of Great Council. Not to take property w/o paying for it. No refusal or delay of Justices. Trial by Jury of peers King is not above the Law.

Concordat of Worms In 1122, The Emperor Henry V and Pope Gregory. Divided power between the popes and emperors. Emperors grant lands and secular powers to the church officials. Church Officials elect and grant spiritual powers to Bishops. The struggle for power did not end. Papal powers resisted any Holy roman emperor in control of Italy.