Imperialism Regarding the Ottoman Empire Turkey – Egypt – Greece – Bulgaria – Romania – Macedonia – Hungary – Palestine – Jordan – Lebanon – Syria - Parts of Arabia - Much of the coastal strip of North Africa Shanali Weerasinghe

Terms Geopolitics: A study of the influence of such factors as geography, economics, and demography on the politics and especially the foreign policy of a state Crimean War (1853-1856): Conflict between the Russian and Ottoman Empires fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula. To prevent Russia expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans. Suez Canal: A canal linking the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It was a vital trade route in the British Empire during imperialism, and continues to link North Africa and Europe to Asia today.

Background Knowledge The central power of the Ottoman Empire lost its power to provincial governors, military commanders, ethnic leaders, and bandit chiefs. Imperial funds were often diverted into the coffers of local officials and landholders. When they were weakened, the Mamluk reemerged as local military forces. Because central power was compromised, sultans were overtaken. Janissaries revolted against Selim and killed Christians. The British and French allied with the Ottoman Empire against the Russians. They created the Istanbul University and reformed the general education of people. The Ottoman Empire became dependent on foreign loans so in return, they lowered tariffs and exempted foreigners from local law.

Advantages and Disadvantages Of Imperialism for the Ottoman Empire More general education reforms Protection of people of all religions Common language: French Stronger communications technology More revolts from the Janissaries Legal Code made the value of religious education decrease Greater division between Ottoman citizens Influence of women decreased

Effects of Imperialism: Historical and Modern Day Historically: The education and literacy became better as well as hygiene. Religion and legal code ran the lives of people strictly. Women mostly had rights when concerning their property, but industrial labor and competition drove them from the work force. The government became dependent on foreign loans, extraterritoriality became a new status. Young Ottomans promoted liberal ideas from Europe, national pride, and a modern view of Islam. Modern: The Ottoman Empire lost a substantial amount of power and had to relinquish its hold on regions like Libya’s provinces. The government bureaucracy became more orderly when they utilized European military practices and advisers as well as extending modern schooling.

What western power colonized the region or country? Britain and France. Russia attempted to. Which motivations for imperialism made the country or region attractive for colonization? Free resources, power over many countries. Did the colonists use direct of indirect rule as a method to govern the country? The sultan ruled directly, but they lost power often. For example, Selim was imprisoned and executed after the Janissaries revolted. What were the responses to imperialism within the region or country? Westernization. Instructors from the west were brought over to teach at universities. New uniforms were made to accommodate all religions and cultures. Who were the individuals or groups that aided resistance within your country or region? The Janissaries.

A few facts represented by this map: the janissaries were revolting in Serbia, the French couldn’t get a strong hold on Egypt because of the British ships in the Mediterranean, the sultan was imprisoned in Istanbul, and the three monotheistic religions were guaranteed protection by law.

Part I: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5jE7y5vT5M Part II: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NREKSPVOLkE&feature=related Part III: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mwPhTS3GTw&feature=related These clips include the Ottoman Empire at it’s prime and at it’s decline. Part I goes back to the time when the Ottoman Empire was being created from the Byzantine Empire. Part II talks about the conquest of the Middle East with Suleiman the Magnificent in the beginning of the clip. Part III talks about the Ottoman Empire’s part in the World Wars in the beginning of the clip.

This is a map of the Ottoman Empire from it’s decline This is a map of the Ottoman Empire from it’s decline. Each color shows the territory the empire lost at the given year.

Websites Used http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/ottomanempire_1.shtml http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE53&NewItemID=True