Turn Penalties Based on Junction Delays Imported from SATURN Need for Strategic & Detailed Model Need for Strategic & Detailed Model Traditional Methodology Traditional Methodology EMME2001 Approach EMME2001 Approach Use of SATURN Junction Delay Use of SATURN Junction Delay Implications for Public Transport Implications for Public Transport Need for Strategic & Detailed Model Need for Strategic & Detailed Model Traditional Methodology Traditional Methodology EMME2001 Approach EMME2001 Approach Use of SATURN Junction Delay Use of SATURN Junction Delay Implications for Public Transport Implications for Public Transport

Dynamics of Hong Kong Historical & Future Economic Growth Historical & Future Economic Growth Major Investment in Transport Infrastructure Major Investment in Transport Infrastructure (road, bus, rail) Revision of Land Use Strategy (housing, port, Revision of Land Use Strategy (housing, port,reclamation) Other Transport Policy (tolls & road pricing, Other Transport Policy (tolls & road pricing,environment) Historical & Future Economic Growth Historical & Future Economic Growth Major Investment in Transport Infrastructure Major Investment in Transport Infrastructure (road, bus, rail) Revision of Land Use Strategy (housing, port, Revision of Land Use Strategy (housing, port,reclamation) Other Transport Policy (tolls & road pricing, Other Transport Policy (tolls & road pricing,environment)

Existing Railway and Highway Network Tai O Lantau Island Hong Kong Island New Airport at Chek Lap Kok Sha Tin Tsuen Wan New Territories Tuen Mun Yuen Long Mui Wo Discovery Bay Sheung Shui Tai O Nim Wan Ma On Shan Sai Kung Man Kam To Shekou Shenzhen Chai Wan Tai Po Kam Tin Tseung Kwan O Pak Nai Tsing Yi Lok Ma Chau Central Kwun Tong Tung Chung Tai Ho Sha Tau Kok Kowloon Wong Chuk Hang Lei Yue Mun Existing Road Existing Railway LEGEND :

Need for Strategic & Detailed Models Dynamics of Hong Kong Dynamics of Hong Kong Use of Model in “non-traditional” Applications Use of Model in “non-traditional” Applications Technology (processing power, commercial Technology (processing power, commercialplatforms) BDTM Investment (10 models) BDTM Investment (10 models) Results vs Expectations Results vs Expectations Dynamics of Hong Kong Dynamics of Hong Kong Use of Model in “non-traditional” Applications Use of Model in “non-traditional” Applications Technology (processing power, commercial Technology (processing power, commercialplatforms) BDTM Investment (10 models) BDTM Investment (10 models) Results vs Expectations Results vs Expectations

N T W 1 N T E 1 N T W 2 N T W 3 K1K2 N T E 2 H K 1 H K 3 H K 2 Basic Travel Demand Extracted from WAYS Developed for Detailed Assessment

Zone Splitting Detailed Zone System Detailed Model Assignment Detailed Link & Junction Data Broad Zone & Coarse Network Data Generation, Distribution, Mode Spilt & Assignment Traversal Matrix Strategic Model 40 TRADITIONAL METHODOLOGY

Drawbacks of Traditional Methodology Coarse Network Representation Coarse Network Representation Volume-Delay Curves [ Turn Penalties] Volume-Delay Curves [ Turn Penalties] Zone Splitting Required Zone Splitting Required “Static Assignment” “Static Assignment” Separate Top-Down Approach Separate Top-Down Approach Coarse Network Representation Coarse Network Representation Volume-Delay Curves [ Turn Penalties] Volume-Delay Curves [ Turn Penalties] Zone Splitting Required Zone Splitting Required “Static Assignment” “Static Assignment” Separate Top-Down Approach Separate Top-Down Approach

Recognise independent role Cost & BDTM investment Opportunities for Data-sharingOpportunities for Data-sharing for Improved Demand Forecasts for Improved Demand Forecasts Tactical Strategic Tactical Strategic Tactical Network Detail Network Size ROLE OF STRATEGIC & DETAILED MODELS

Generation Distribution Mode Split Strategic Model Detailed Model Detailed Local Area (Network & Zones) Assignment 400 EMME/ APPROACH

Advantages of EMME/ Approach Detailed Zone and Network Representation Detailed Zone and Network Representation Eliminates the Need for Zone Splitting Eliminates the Need for Zone Splitting Use of Government Investment in BDTM’s Use of Government Investment in BDTM’s Integrated & Seamless Approach Integrated & Seamless Approach Allows Process of Feedback Allows Process of Feedback Achieves User Expectations Achieves User Expectations Detailed Zone and Network Representation Detailed Zone and Network Representation Eliminates the Need for Zone Splitting Eliminates the Need for Zone Splitting Use of Government Investment in BDTM’s Use of Government Investment in BDTM’s Integrated & Seamless Approach Integrated & Seamless Approach Allows Process of Feedback Allows Process of Feedback Achieves User Expectations Achieves User Expectations

Calculation of AUTO TIMES AREA WIDE Uninterrupted Flow Based on Volume-Delay Functions Uninterrupted Flow Based on Volume-Delay Functions Volume-Delay Functions Derived from WAYS Volume-Delay Functions Derived from WAYS Only Mid-Block Link Delay Considered Explicitly Only Mid-Block Link Delay Considered Explicitly Free Flow Speed, Mid-block Capacity, Volume Free Flow Speed, Mid-block Capacity, Volume AREA WIDE Uninterrupted Flow Based on Volume-Delay Functions Uninterrupted Flow Based on Volume-Delay Functions Volume-Delay Functions Derived from WAYS Volume-Delay Functions Derived from WAYS Only Mid-Block Link Delay Considered Explicitly Only Mid-Block Link Delay Considered Explicitly Free Flow Speed, Mid-block Capacity, Volume Free Flow Speed, Mid-block Capacity, Volume

Calculation of AUTO TIMES AREA WIDE Junction Delays represented by Turn Penalties Junction Delays represented by Turn Penalties Cycle Length, Green Time and Saturation Flow Cycle Length, Green Time and Saturation Flow Simplistic Representation as above Parameters Preset Simplistic Representation as above Parameters Preset No optimisation of Cycle Length & Green Times or No optimisation of Cycle Length & Green Times or Coordination of Off-sets AREA WIDE Junction Delays represented by Turn Penalties Junction Delays represented by Turn Penalties Cycle Length, Green Time and Saturation Flow Cycle Length, Green Time and Saturation Flow Simplistic Representation as above Parameters Preset Simplistic Representation as above Parameters Preset No optimisation of Cycle Length & Green Times or No optimisation of Cycle Length & Green Times or Coordination of Off-sets

Calculation of AUTO TIMES DETAILED AREA Uninterrupted Flow Based on Volume-Delay Functions Uninterrupted Flow Based on Volume-Delay Functions Junction Delay Imported from SATURN Junction Delay Imported from SATURN Dynamic Simulation Dynamic Simulation Optimisation & Coordination Optimisation & Coordination Improved Auto Travel Time & Travel Demand Improved Auto Travel Time & Travel Demand DETAILED AREA Uninterrupted Flow Based on Volume-Delay Functions Uninterrupted Flow Based on Volume-Delay Functions Junction Delay Imported from SATURN Junction Delay Imported from SATURN Dynamic Simulation Dynamic Simulation Optimisation & Coordination Optimisation & Coordination Improved Auto Travel Time & Travel Demand Improved Auto Travel Time & Travel Demand

Calculation of TRANSIT TIMES Auto Travel Time Auto Travel Time Additional Stopping Time for Boarding & Additional Stopping Time for Boarding &Alightingf=timau+a*length Auto Travel Time Auto Travel Time Additional Stopping Time for Boarding & Additional Stopping Time for Boarding &Alightingf=timau+a*length

Calculation of TRANSIT TIMES Auto Travel Time Auto Travel Time Additional Stopping Time for Boarding & Alighting Additional Stopping Time for Boarding & Alighting Average Junction Delay calculated using Average Junction Delay calculated using Network Calculations f=timau+a*length+average junction delay Improved Transit Travel Time & Travel Demand Improved Transit Travel Time & Travel Demand Auto Travel Time Auto Travel Time Additional Stopping Time for Boarding & Alighting Additional Stopping Time for Boarding & Alighting Average Junction Delay calculated using Average Junction Delay calculated using Network Calculations f=timau+a*length+average junction delay Improved Transit Travel Time & Travel Demand Improved Transit Travel Time & Travel Demand