2. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems 3.3 What has been done to solve the urban problems in Hong Kong?

3. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems What has been done to solve the urban problems? Build more houses Develop more land Lower population growth Lower population growth Build more roads and improve public transport Build more roads and improve public transport Conserve the environment Conserve the environment Better urban planning

4. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems The end

5. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Lower population growth Describe the change in birth rates in Hong Kong. The government encourage people to carry out birth Control. People like small families nowadays. The birth rate in Hong Kong is (increasing/decreasing). The death rate in Hong Kong is low.

6. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Lower population growth Death rates: 19551960196519701975198019851990199520002003 -- 5.05.14.85.04.65.25.1 5.4 Migrants: 150 immigrants from mainland China daily Population growth (1991-2001): 6 708 389 – 5 674 114 = 1 034 275 Average annual population growth rate:1.6% The average annual population growth rate is (high/low).

7. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Develop more land Reclamation Increases the size of Hong Kong Narrows the Victoria Harbour Reclaimed coastline: Straight

8. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Reclamation Reclamation increases land for urban development e.g. building new towns. Develop more land Most of the land in West Kowloon is obtained from reclamation.

9. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems The government has built many public housing estates to help low-income people improve their living conditions. The government also rebuilds some old public housing estates. The new estates provide more living spaces and better facilities. Build more houses

10. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Build more houses The Housing Authority since1973 First public housing estate: Shek Kip Mei Types of public housing: Rental housing; Subsidized sales flats (Home ownership scheme; Private Sector Participation Scheme) ______ % of people live in public housing by 2005 49.5 Facilities in public housing estates: Market, shopping centres, restaurants, playgrounds, games halls, car parks, etc.

11. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Careful urban _____________ is a way to help solve urban problems. planning With good urban planning, the government can use the _____________ more wisely. land Better urban planning

12. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Redevelopment:Old buildings are pulled down. Land uses are replanned. New buildings are put in place. Streets are widened and more open spaces are provided. Redevelop the old urban areas by Better urban planning the Urban Renewal Authority 4R strategy: _______________, _____________ _______________, _____________ Redevelopment Rehabilitation Preservation Revitalization

13. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Better urban planning Redevelop the old urban areas Before and after redevelopment: (Fig. 3a-3c on p.61) Before urban renewal After urban renewal Height of building Look of building Open space Land use zones Living environment HigherLower Old, decayed, uglyNew, modern LessMore Mixed Planned PoorerBetter

14. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems 1981 Population has been (decreasing/increasing) on Hong Kong Island and Kowloon. However, the population of the new towns has been (decreasing/increasing). Describe the change of population in different parts of Hong Kong. New towns Better urban planning 2001

15. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Better urban planning New towns By 2003, ____ % of Hong Kong people live in new towns. 47.1 At present, there are _______ new towns in Hong Kong. The most recent new town is ______________. nine Tung Chung Tseung Kwan O new town Tung Chung new town

16. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Land uses: (e.g. Shatin on p.91) Commercial, residential, industrial, institutional, green belt residential green belt Why is land use conflict not found in new towns? There is land use planning. Shops are provided near to the residential areas. There are plenty of open spaces and recreational land use among the other uses. Factories are grouped into certain areas. These industrial areas are separated from other land uses. Develop more land New towns

17. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Build more roads and improve public transport ___ strategic/trunk routes; ____ tunnels912 Yuen Long to Central: Tung Chung to Central: Route No. 3 Routes No. 3 and 8 KCR Corporation MTR Corporation KCR Corporation KCR corporation MTR Corporation

18. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Build more roads and improve public transport Which new towns do the KCR rails link up? West rail: _____________________________________________ East rail: ______________________________________________ Ma On Shan rail: _______________________________________ Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai, Tuen Mun, Tsuen Wan Shatin, Taipo, Sheungshui/Fanling Ma On Shan, Shatin The improved road network and mass transit systems gives a better link between the _____ _______ and the urban areas. new towns

19. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems The government has set up the ___________________________ Department to promote environmental protection. Environmental Protection What has the SAR government done to conserve the environment? Conserve the environment

20. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Air Pollution Laws and regulation  Set and tighten limits to emission of waste gas from vehicles, power plants, factories, etc.  Smoke test for vehicles and penalty set for smoky vehicles  Require Euro diesel vehicles to install particulate reduction devices  Ban the use of dirty fuels in power plants Improvement work  Encourage the switch to alternative cleaner fuel, e.g. LPG taxis and light buses  Assist the diesel vehicles to install particulate traps/catalytic converters Educate the public oPromote eco-driving, e.g. switching off engine while waiting oEncourage drivers to repair and maintain their vehicles oEncourage the public to use public transport oPromote energy saving

21. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Water pollution Laws and regulation  Set emission standards of waste sewage from factories Improvement work  Build sewers network  Carry out sewage treatment, e.g. the Stonecutters Sewage Treatment Works Educating the public oLaunch the scheme sewage charges to teach the public the “Polluters Pay Principle”

22. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Land Pollution/Solid Waste Laws and regulation  Set a licensing scheme for the disposal of waste  Control on the disposal of chemical waste, clinical waste, construction waste, etc.  Prohibition or control of livestock keeping in the urban areas  Penalty for offenses like littering, splitting, dog fouling, unauthorized display of posters Improvement work  Build landfills to dispose solid waste  Provide chemical waste treatment in Tsing Yi  Set up the Eco Park in Tuen Mun (planned) Educate the public oPromote waste reduction: waste separation; waste recovery; waste recycling oSet the scheme of waste disposal charges: the “Polluters Pay Principle”

23. Quit Part 3Fixing our cities’ problems Noise Pollution Laws and regulation  Set noise standards for factories and commercial operators  Limit piling in construction sites to 3 to 5 hours a day  Ban vehicles going into certain streets at night Improvement work  Install noise barriers/screens along new roads and some old roads  Build low-noise surface to new roads  Improve land use planning by reducing population exposed to traffic noise, e.g. set a distance between buildings and main roads  Set up pedestrian scheme Educate the public oReduce noise