Causes and Effects of World War I Adapted from Tan Jon Lin (with her permission)

M A N I Causes of World War I - MANIA ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Militarism Alliance Nationalism Imperialism Causes of World War I Balkan Powder Keg Caution Explosive Militarism Arms race Blank Check Given to Austria by Germany Alliance System Nationalism Immediate Cause The Assassination At Sarajevo Set off the Powder Keg and Started WWI Imperialism 1 9 4

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures Causes of WWI - Militarism Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s (British pounds). 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

Causes of WWI - Alliances Triple Entente: 1907 (Morocco Crisis) : Triple Alliance: 1882 Germany Great Britain Austria-Hungary France Italy Russia

Causes of WWI - Nationalism

Causes of World War I: Nationalism Aggressive Nationalism France and Germany Germany proud of military and Industrial strength. French loss in Franco Prussia War/revenge Recovery of lost provinces Alsace and Lorraine

Balkans 1914 Southeastern Europe East of Italy Dominated by the Austrian Hungarian Empire Slavic Nations Russia felt the need to protect the other Slavic nations because of its size. Pan-Slavism  - movement to unify all of the Slavic people. Trouble in Serbia with Austrian Hungarian Empire.

The geographical position makes t very valuable as a trade route Balkans 1914 The geographical position makes t very valuable as a trade route Controlled by Turkey for hundreds of years, but Turkey’s power was declining – she was known as “The Sick Man of Europe” By the 1900s, Serbia and Austria on each side were eager to control a key part of the Balkans : Bosnia Austria claimed the right to rule ‘cos of a deal she had with Turkey, ie Turkey used Imperialism (the right of empires to rule weaker areas) to justify her case. Serbia claimed the right to rule because the people living in that area are fellow Slavs. Serbia used Nationalism (the right of people to rule themselves) to justify her case.

Imperialism 1905 and 1911 Moroccan Crisis France and Germany almost to the brink of war Morocco: France vs. Germany Britain sides with France/resents Germany industrial strength. Britain and France develop closer ties. European nations taking over parts of the Ottoman Empire.

Causes of WWI - Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

The Legacy of War 8.5 Million Killed 21 million wounded War Costs 338 billion, destroys towns, and land in Europe and Russia disillusionment

Collapse of the Empires Breakup of Austrian Hungarian Empire Austria and Hungary become independent nations Czechoslovakia & Yugoslavia were formed Italy and Romania gained land

Ottoman Empire Dissolved Turkey becomes independent Most of the Arab nations were put under the control of Britain and France Mandates Russian and German Losses Other nations Formed: Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

The Treaty of Versailles: Major Provisions League of Nations Territorial Losses/Germany returns Alsace Lorraine; French Border extended to the Rhine; Germany surrenders all of its overseas colonies in Africa and the Pacific Military restrictions/limits size of German Army; cannot build or import weapons, submarines, airplanes

The Treaty of Versailles: War Guilt Sole responsibility for the war placed on Germany’s shoulders Germany forced to pay the Allies 33 Billion in reparations over 30 years. Laid the ground work for WWII.

Bibliography http://www.mrberlin.com/8th/WWI/World_War_I_causes.ppt#269.