1. The First World War: Why? Long term - 1. Alliance system
2. Imperialist Competition
3. Stockpiling of Weapons
Short term - Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his Wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg one hour before their deaths, June 28, 1914

2. U12LG1 – Cause of World War I
Chapter 23.1

3. M A N I Causes of World War I - MANIA
ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war
lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another
ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically
ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

4. Imperialism: European conquest of Africa

5. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
Causes of WWI - Militarism
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s (British pounds).
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

6. Causes of WWI - Alliances
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:
Great Britain
Germany
Austria-Hungary
France
Russia
Italy

8. Causes of WWI - Nationalism

9. Causes of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Germanism  - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries
Germanic Countries
Austria *
Belgium
Denmark
Iceland
Germany *
Liechtenstein *
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
Switzerland *
United Kingdom
* = German speaking country

11. Causes of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Slavism  - movement to unify all of the Slavic people

12. Causes of WWI - Imperialism

13. Causes of WWI - Imperialism

14. The “Spark”

15. Causes of WWI - Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

16. Causes of WWI - Assassination

17. Causes of WWI - Assassination
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist

18. Causes of WWI - Assassination
Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

20. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. · example of Pan-German nationalism
Russia pledged their support for Serbia. · example of Pan-Slavic nationalism

21. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

22. Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Germany
Great Britain
World War I
France
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Russia
Italy

23. A New Kind of War

24. Airplanes - Dogfights Baron Manfred Von Richthoven, a.k.a.
“The Red Baron”
German Air Ace engaged in combat

25. Poison Gas
Mustard Gas was first used by the German Army in September The most lethal of all the poisonous chemicals used during the war, it was almost odorless and took twelve hours to take effect.

26. Effects of Mustard Gas
The skin of victims of mustard gas blistered, the eyes became very sore and they began to vomit. Mustard gas caused internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful and most soldiers had to be strapped to their beds. It usually took a person four or five weeks to die of mustard gas poisoning.

27. Tanks

28. Machine Guns
Machine-guns were positioned all along the Western Front. The machine-guns in use in 1914 required a crew of three to six men and were positioned on a flat trajectory tripod.

29. U-Boats (Submarines)
While the German navy was almost non-existent during the war, their U-Boats wreaked havoc in the Atlantic Ocean, trying to destroy the British naval blockade. This was unrestricted submarine warfare!
A German propaganda poster “U-Boat Heroes!”

30. The First Battle of the Marne
Fighting Fronts
The First Battle of the Marne
The Battle of Verdun
The Battle of the Somme

31. Trench Warfare

32. A British soldier rests after a battle in the trenches

33. Trenchfoot – A horrible disease