Politics & Progress A New Century Chapters 19 & 20

Constitution of 1876 Created a new Texas government after Reconstruction Suffrage, or the right to vote, for women was denied

Women Fight for Rights Woman’s Christian Temperance Union was the 1 st Texas group to publicly endorse woman suffrage

Women in Careers Women began entering the paid labor force: Teaching was one of the most accepted professions open to women at this time.

Monopolies Use Unfair Tactics Several companies could form a trust Trusts were powerful enough to prevent other companies from selling the same product or service

Monopolies Use Unfair Tactics Trusts could hold a monopoly, or exclusive control, of a business. Trusts reduced free trade

Economic Reform Trusts could pay low prices for materials and then charge high prices for the goods they sold. Farmers, consumers and some merchants could not protect themselves against these unfair practices

Economic Reform Grange: a social organization for economic reform formed by farmers Members could buy supplies at cheaper prices

Economic Reform New political party: People’s Party (Populist Party) was made of poor farmers

Economic Reform Antitrust law was passed by the Texas Legislature to prohibit companies from forming trusts to fix prices or limit production Antitrust laws were used to prevent these unfair practices

Railroads are Regulated Governor James S. Hogg asked the Legislature to establish the Texas Railroad Commission TRC set rates and watched over railroad practices, stopping railroads’ unfair practices

Interstate vs. Intrastate Interstate Commerce Commission set rules for interstate railroads that connected two or more states Intrastate railroads went within the state

Into the New Century Galveston was struck by a hurricane in 1900, killing 6,000 people Worst natural disaster in U.S. History

Disaster Aid Women’s Health Protective Association was formed from this disaster to inspect and safeguard cemeteries, streets, markets, dairies, schools, hospitals, and parks

Progressive Movement Attempts by reformers to solve problems Terrell Election Law Votes for Women Prohibition

Terrell Election Law Ensured elections carried out fairly Required primary elections: an election held by a political party before a general election to select that party’s official candidate.

Votes for Women 1918: women won the right to vote in party primaries by making a deal with Governor Hobby. Suffragists: those supporting women’s right to vote

Prohibition Progressive reformers believed alcohol was at center of so many social ills. Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) wanted to end the sale of alcohol and close businesses that made alcoholic beverages

Opposition to Prohibition Brewing industry, German and Italian immigrants and conservatives who disapproved of a strong federal government opposed prohibition.

18 th Amendment 18 th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution made prohibition into law. Law was repealed in 1933.

Discrimination Jim Crow laws discriminated against African Americans Segregation of public facilities Poll tax: fee for voting that kept poor and minority citizens from voting

NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was created by African Americans to work for racial equality.

Culture Clash in S. Texas Hostility and violence between Anglo and Mexican immigrants to South Texas State officials sent the state militia to South Texas to help quell violence

Ethnic Self-Help Organizations Gran Circulo de Obreros Mexicanos: provided assistance with weddings, baptisms and funerals Mutualistas (mutual aid societies): provided help and community service

Good Luck on Your Test!!