2. Mr. President, I’m afraid several of our students missed some key questions on their CBA tests. What do you mean they missed “some” key questions? Didn’t they have a review? CBA Test Analysis #3

3. With the election of Gov. Davis in 1869 and the ratification of the 14 th & 15 th amendments, Pres. Grand declared which era in Texas history at an end? A.The Civil War B.Mexican American War C.Reconstruction D.Texas Revolution

4. The Progressive Era “A Time of Reform”

5. A Time for Change Urban population is growing. Railroads, transportation, telegraph, and telephone are improving communication. Increase in industries throughout Texas. Government needed to keep up with the times, thus a demand for REFORMS.

6. Women’s Suffrage Texas women, during this time, were becoming increasingly more active in politics and their ultimate goal was SUFFRAGE (the right to vote). They would fight the legislature for many years until 1918 when the state let them vote in primaries and then 1919 in all elections when the 19 th Amendment was ratified. Annie Webb Blanton became the first woman elected to state office.

7. Prohibition Texans grew increasingly worried about alcohol and its effects on society. Many believed that PROHIBITION and TEMPERANCE were the solution. Many women spearheaded the movements to make counties either “dry” or “wet”. Eventually, the state ratified the U.S.’s 18 th Amendment which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol.

8. The Grange & Farmer’s Alliance The Grange was an organization that came about after the war to provide support for local farmers. These farmers worked together to buy in bulk and help James Hogg win the election for governor in 1890. Their goal was to end unfair railroad practices such as MONOPOLIES.

9. James Hogg James Hogg, a champion for the ordinary citizen, became governor in 1890 and made it his mission to end illegal big business practices with REFORMS. He gave land back to the citizens, limited debt, lengthened the school year and increased school funding. His reforms were known as Hogg’s Laws.

10. The Populist Party POPULISM was a national movement of rural citizens still struggling through the growth of industries. Their goal was to increase gov’t regulation by forming their own political party called the People’s Party, or the Populist Party. Made up of farmers, ranchers, and laborers, their demands eventually were adopted in latter years by the larger Democratic party.

11. Progressive Movement Progressives were social reformers who wanted the gov’t to run more efficiently to improve the economy and reduce waste and corruption. Progressives pushed for change to protect Texas laborers and labor unions. These pushes resulted in new laws about work hours and child labor laws. Other issues were state banking system, better prisons, fair property taxes, and food/drug safety standards.

12. NAACP The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, or the NAACP, was created to work against segregation practices that affected the daily lives of African Americans. The first chapter in Texas was founded in Houston in 1912.