1. An Age of Reform
Chapter 21

3. Warm-up 4-7-14 No Folders No Talking
Think of what Reform means to you. Be ready to discuss if you are called upon.
Instructions for Booklet:
Front Cover:
Title: Age of Reform
First and Last Name; Period Number
Number the pages after the title page 1-16
Pages after 16
Page 17: Monday Exit Ticket; Page 18: Tuesday Warm-up; Page 19: Tuesday Exit Ticket

4. Vocabulary Reform Labor Union Changes made to improve something
an organized association of workers, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

5. Vocabulary Prohibition Suffrage
A national movement to ban the manufacture, sale, transportation, or use of alcoholic beverages.
Suffrage
The right to vote.

6. Vocabulary Populism Progressivism
A political movement of the common people that resulted in the formation of the People’s Party
Progressivism
Social reform movement based on improving society through power of the government

7. Changes made to improve something
Reform
Prohibition
Changes made to improve something
A national movement to ban the manufacture, sale, transportation, or use of alcoholic beverages.
Suffrage
Populism
The right to vote.
A political movement of the common people that resulted in the formation of the People’s Party
Progressivism
Social reform movement based on improving society through power of the government

8. Demands for Change By the late 1880’s Texas was changing rapidly
Most Texans still lived in rural areas
The state’s urban population was increasing rapidly
Reform Movements
Education
Prohibition
Women’s Rights
Populism
Movement started by rural Texans who felt like their voice was not being heard
Progressivism
Movement started by urban Texans who wanted improved conditions in cities
Minority Rights
Texans began to feel like their government was not keeping up with the changing times
People demanded reforms to the state’s laws and policies
Changes

9. Reform Movements Education Constitution of 1876 addressed education
Funds for public schools
Poll tax
State school tax began in 1883
State Superintendent of Public Instruction was elected and counties began to create school districts
Commercial farming and industry required an increased emphasis on training that prepared students for jobs
By 1910 almost 1 million children attended Texas schools

10. Reform Movements Prohibition Movement The 18th Amendment (1918)
In Texas this was led by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Temperance is the avoidance of alcohol
“Dry” Counties
By 1911, 166 Texas counties had become dry
No alcohol sales
59 others were partially dry
The 18th Amendment (1918)

11. Women’s Rights Movement
Reform Movements
Women’s Rights Movement
The Constitution of 1876 denied women suffrage
Women’s rights groups formed in 1903
Texas Equal Suffrage Association
Texas Women won the right to vote in primaries in 1918
19th Amendment (1919)

12. Reform Movements Populism New Political Party
The Peoples Party or Populist Party
Were successful in bringing the interests of rural Texans into national focus
The movement faded by 1896 but many of its ideas were adopted by the Democratic Party

13. Became Texas Attorney General in 1886
Reform Movements
James Stephen Hogg
Became Texas Attorney General in 1886
Led the fight for reform of large corporations
Helped breakup the states railroad trust
Hogg was elected governor in 1890 because of Populist support
Formed the Texas Railroad Commission in 1891 to oversee all railroad operations

14. Reform Movements Progressivism New labor laws Other changes
Limit on number of hours employees work per day
Child Labor Laws
Eliminate use of blacklists
Eliminate use of script
Labor Unions (Strikes)
Other changes
State banking system
Food and drug inspections
Improved conditions in prisons

15. Reform Movements James E. Ferguson Elected governor in 1915
As governor he was most concerned with helping poor tenant farmers
Earned him the nickname “Farmer Jim”
He pushed for more child labor laws and education reforms
He made a lot of enemies
In 1917 the Texas legislature approved charges to impeach him
Ferguson resigned the next day but the legislature impeached him anyways
Child Labor Laws
Eliminate use of blacklists
Eliminate use of script
Labor Unions (Strikes)

16. Disaster Leads to Change
Galveston Hurricane of 1900
Hit Galveston on September 9, 1900
120 mile per hour winds
20 foot waves
The city of Galveston which had been Texas most important port city was destroyed
6,000 people were killed
Known as the worst natural disaster in United States History
Galveston’s old form of government could not handle the huge task of rebuilding
A new form of city government was created
Commission
In a Commission voters elect commissioners with different areas of expertise to run the city
Galveston was rebuilt by building a 17 foot high sea wall and pumping sand from the Gulf to raise the city several feet

18. Reforms and Setbacks African Americans Hispanics
African Americans were becoming actively involved in labor unions
1912 Houston residents formed a chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
New Challenges
The 1902 poll tax prevented many African Americans from voting
Jim Crow Laws
Segregation
Restrooms, water fountains, restaurants, schools, etc…
Hispanics
Hispanics held some political power in the late 1800’s
Hispanics were also active in labor unions
New Challenges
Jim Crow Laws
Segregation
Restrooms, water fountains, restaurants, schools, etc…