1. Progressivism
The attempts of reformers to solve political, economic, and social problems became known as the Progressive Movement
Voting—a fundamental part of democracy
President Theodore Roosevelt ( )
Republican
Progressive Reforms aka “Square Deal”
Nicknamed the “Trust-buster” and “Bull Moose”

2. Galveston Reforms City Government
After the storm of 1900, Galveston moved from a government with a mayor and a city council to a commission form of government
Five commissioners made the city laws, and each member was in charge of a city department, such as police, fire, or water.
Many Texas cities soon adopted this form of government, as did cities across the nation.

3. The Terrell Election Law (1903)
Required major political parties to hold primary elections to select the party’s official candidates
Called for secret ballots
Restricted campaigning near polling booths

4. Arguments for Women’s Suffrage
If a woman could be held legally responsible for her actions, she should be able to vote.
If women had the right to vote:
they would be more effective in their traditional roles
they could vote for better schools, more playgrounds, safer parks, and improved public health

5. Opposition to Women’s Suffrage
Women had no need to vote
Men represent and protect women’s rights
Women involved in politics would neglect their homes and children

6. Women Gain the Right to Vote
In 1918, Texas women made a deal with the new governor, William P. Hobby. They promised to support him in his election if he would sign a bill allowing women to vote in primaries.
Hobby agreed, women voted for the first time, and he won by a landslide.
In 1920, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted full voting rights to women.
Gov. William P. Hobby

7. Arguments for Prohibition
Alcohol was at the center of many social problems
Saloons were associated with gambling and crime
Men would spend their money on alcohol, leaving their family without money to live
Supported by Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), Anti-Saloon League, and various church groups

8. Opposition to Prohibition
The brewing industry
Saloons
Conservatives who opposed a strong federal government
Many immigrants from Italy and Germany

9. Prohibition Laws
In 1918, Texas approved a statewide prohibition law making it illegal to make and sell alcohol in Texas.
In 1919 the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution made prohibition the law of the land.
The 18th Amendment was an unpopular law and it was eventually repealed in 1933.

10. Populism Texas People’s Party (or Populist Party)
Their goal was to create government policies that benefitted farmers.
Welcomed African American farmers, including J.B. Rayner, a former slave who became a successful writer, politician, and educator.

11. Evangelical Movement
Progressives focused on social morality, a return to religion, and community service.
The Young Men’s Christian Association (Y.M.C.A.) was a very influential organization that successfully promoted “daily evangelical Christianity,” while promoting good sportsmanship in athletic contests in gyms.

12. Discrimination Jim Crow Laws
Minorities had inadequate housing and segregated schools lacking basic equipment/supplies
Ku Klux Klan was a politically powerful group
Democratic Party requires payment of a poll tax and adopts a “whites only” restriction for the primary election
NAACP and mutualistas are formed to create racial equality and provide community service