II

Acculturation: maintaining the bonds of society Transaction: reaching out beyond the self to others Transaction variables: Imitation – modelling- identification – empathy Extroversion- aggression- styles of communication

Empathy Reaching beyond oneself to understand what another person is feeling Empathy implies detachment Sympathy implies agreement

Aspects for developing empathy 1- awareness of one’s feelings 2- identification with others

Extroversion vs. Introversion extroversion: the need to receive ego enhancement, self-esteem and wholeness from others to affirm oneself Introversion: driving wholeness from oneself

Motivation Can be vied from 3 perspectives: 1- behavioural: external forces 2- cognitive: internal forces 3- constructivists: both

Why do we need motivation? Exploration Manipulation Activity Stimulation Knowledge Ego Enhancement

Instrumental and integrative orientations Instrumental: acquiring language for instrumental goals Integrative: to become involved in social interchange

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Intrinsic: no reward except for the activity Extrinsic: outside reward

Self aculturalization and flow theory With flow people push themselves to high performance

The neurobiological effect amygdala : the ability to make an appraisal of stimulus Sustained deep learning: learning that requieres a period of time rooted in vaue

Personality type and language acquisition: Myers- Briggers type indicator

Measuring affective factors: Shortcoming: - self-raising meted - self-flattery syndrome- culture ethnocentricity