1. Ch.5 INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN THE CLASSROOM
H.D. Brown
Teaching by Principles

2. DEFINING MOTIVATION
1. A Behavioristic Definition- “the anticipation of reinforcement”
2. Cognitive Definition
A. Drive Theory
* exploration * knowledge
* manipulation * ego enhancement
* activity innate predispositions
* stimulation

3. DEFINING MOTIVATION B. Hierarchy of needs theory
See Figure 5.1 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
-some of higher needs until the lower foundations of the pyramid have been satisfied
C. Self-control theory

4. INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
* Centered on a dichotomy of orientation vs. motivation
A context or purpose for learning
Motivation :the intensity of one’s impetus to learn
* Difference BWT Integrative/instrumental orientations &. Intrinsic/extrinsic motivation

5. INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Integrative/instrumental orientation - true
dichotomy and refers only to the context of learning
Intrinsic/extrinsic motivation - designates
a continuum of possibilities of intensity
* Jerome Bruner(1962) - praising the “autonomy of self-reward”

6. INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
The positive feedback that learners perceive as a boost to their feelings of competence and self-determination
No other externally administered set of rewards has a lasting effect!!

7. INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN EDUCATION
The glorification of content, product, correctness, and competitiveness has failed to bring the learner into a collaborative process of competence-building
The “game” of pleasing teachers and authorities: doing schooling vs. learning!

8. INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN EDUCATION
Class discussions can focus on a critical evaluation of society so that students aren’t forced to accept some specific ways of thinking or acting, but are encourage into examining both sides of the issue!
Proliferation of discussion/debate programs
Critical literacy/pedagogy

9. INTRINSIC MOTIVATION IN THE SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOM
A checklist of Intrinsically Motivating Techniques
Compare- Zoltan Dornyei and Kata Csizer
“ten commandments”
H.D Brown
“six general guidelines”

10. Motivation - PLLT
Different definitions by Behaviorists, cognitivists, constructivists
Behaviorists
-anticipation of reward
-desire for positive reinforcement
-external, individual forces in control

11. Motivation - PLLT 2. Cognitivists
-for basic human needs: exploration, manipulation, activity, stimulation, knowledge, ego enhancement
-effort
-internal, individual forces in control

12. Motivation - PLLT 3. Constructivists -social context
-community of learners
-identity development
-establishing social status
-security of group
-internal, interactive forces in control

13. Motivation-PLLT
Intrinsic vs. extrinsic (Deci, 1975, Maslow, 1970, Bruner, 1966b)
Instrumental vs. integrative orientations (Gardner & Lambert, 1972)
Constructs are again continuum, not exclusive!
Relates to learning but not cause & effect