23.4 Society and Culture in the Industrial Age

List some of the reasons that people from other countries emigrate to the United States today?

I. Emigration A. Emigrations- large numbers of people began to move from their home country 1. Largest emigrations from Europe to North America 2. Most move to areas of greatest Industrialization B. Improvements in medicine, sanitation, and food led to an increase in population

II. Growth of Cities A. Early cities 1. Rapidly became crowded, dirty, and dangerous b. Reasons for Growth 1. Jobs- factories and the center of Industry 2. Sanitation and public order a. Technology brought improvements- iron pipes, flush toilets, running water b. Public sewers, paved streets, street lights c. Jane Addams- developed and encouraged social services d. Sir Robert Peel- developed first permanent police force

III. Growth Continued A. Suburbs 1. Residential areas on the outskirts of cities 2. Spurred because transportation links to city improved B. Diet and foods 1. Pasteurization 2. Refrigeration 3. Discover importance of vitamins

IV. Growth of Public Education A. Factors that encouraged the development of public education 1. Industrialist- wanted workers who could read and write 2. Military- wanted patriotic and educated soldiers B. Education for women 1. Many countries offered elementary education, but secondary education was limited 2. Colleges just for women develop C. Effect of education 1. People participate in government and are more patriotic 2. Newspapers become popular because people can read

V. Leisure and Cultural Activities A. Sports- during the 1800’s evolve as events with organized rules 1. Soccer becomes a spectator sports and professional leagues develop 2. Walter Camp- 1880’s adapted rugby into football in America 3. Bicycling becomes popular because they are easily obtained because of many manufacturers 4. Baseball written set of rules becomes popular in America

VI. Leisure and Culture Continued A. Concert halls, museums, and libraries 1. Appear because of a greater demand for entertainment 2. Public libraries B. Public Parks and Urban Planning 1. Parks for recreation- example Central Park 2. Playgrounds for children 3. Greater concern on planning a city to attracted employers and residents

Assignments In Class: You are to plan your own Industrial city. On a piece of paper sketch a city that will attract employers and residents. Include in your sketch all improvements that were covered in this section. Should be included: Jobs- Industrial centermuseums Residentiallibrary Parkspolice station Sports and leisurestreets Schoolssuburbs