1. I. Waves of Immigrants to the United States

2. A. New Americans
More than 4 million people immigrated to the United States between 1840 and 1860
About 3 million were German or Irish

4. B. Irish Immigrants Left Ireland because of potato famine
Most were very poor
Most were Catholic

5. Most settled near cities
Women typically worked as domestic servants
Men usually worked as unskilled labor

9. C. German Immigrants Emigrated from Germany for political reasons
Many had nothing upon arrival
Included Catholics, Jews and Protestants
Most settled in rural Midwestern states in order to farm

11. II. The Nativist Response

12. A. Native-born Americans
Feared losing jobs to immigrants who worked for lower wages
Were typically Protestants who distrusted Catholics
Nativists—Americans who opposed immigration

13. B. Know-Nothing Party A secret society formed in 1849
Wanted to keep immigrants and Catholics from holding political office
Wanted a 21 year residency requirement for citizenship

15. III. The Growth of Cities in the United States

16. A. Growth Many new jobs created by the industrial revolution
Rural Americans drawn to cities in search of employment
Transportation Revolution facilitated access to cities

17. B. Life in the City
Cities offered entertainment and cultural activities
Cities were noisy and overcrowded

18. IV. Urban Problems

19. A. Rapid Growth led to Overcrowded Cities

20. B. Living Conditions
Some people lived in dirty overcrowded buildings called tenements
The overcrowding and filth led to disease
Cities became centers of crime