THE NEW MEDIA ECOLOGY OF STUDENTS How the marketplace of ideas and learning is different for ‘digital natives’ Lee Rainie – Director Penn State April 14, 2007

New Media Ecology April 14, Who’s blogging this? Writings of a Loud Librarian Indiana Librarian Marissa Priddis

New Media Ecology April 14, “Rainie was funny, at ease, informative and we found ourselves do a lot of ‘Huh...I didn't know that’ during his speech. Very, very cool.”

New Media Ecology April 14, Who’s blogging this? Stephen Downes Stephen’s Web bhcp=1

New Media Ecology April 14, “Good crisp presentation … backed with some actual research and drawing out the implications for educators, a list of which should be posted on the wall of every school ….”

New Media Ecology April 14, “He’s a lot older than I imagined.” “Looks like a typical Foundation suit.”

New Media Ecology April 14, “While he may look older than some expected, and appears to be just another Foundation suit, he's a very intelligent man, and worth paying attention to.”

New Media Ecology April 14, What does he mean: digital natives?

New Media Ecology April 14, new realities in the life of digital natives

New Media Ecology April 14, Reality 1 Media and gadgets are ubiquitous parts of everyday life

New Media Ecology April 14, Home media ecology Product Route to home Display Local storage TV stations phone TVCassette/ 8-track broadcast TV radio broadcast radio stereoVinyl album News mail Advertising newspaper delivery phone paper Radio Stationsnon-electronic Tom Wolzien, Sanford C. Bernstein & Co

New Media Ecology April 14, Home media ecology – now Product Route to home Display Local storage cableTiVo (PVR)VCR TV stations DSLTV Info wireless/phoneradioDVD “Daily me” broadcast TVPCWeb-based storage content iPod /MP3server/ TiVo (PVR) Cable Nets broadcast radiostereoPC Web sites satellitemonitorweb storage Local news mailheadphonesCD/CD-ROM Content from express deliverypager individuals iPod / storageportable gamerMP3 player / iPod Peer-to-peer subcarriers / WIFIcell phonepagers - PDAs Advertising newspaper deliveryphonecable box Radio stations camcorder/cameraPDA/Palmgame console game console paper Satellite radionon-electronicstorage sticks/disks Adapted from Tom Wolzien, Sanford C. Bernstein & Co

New Media Ecology April 14, Implication The young access information and media in different ways and they are more in control of their media and search experiences

New Media Ecology April 14, Media experiences “by other means” 43% of young adult radio consumers occasionally listen to radio programs on something other than a radio console – computers (76%), laptops (34%), iPods (35%), cell phones (13%)

New Media Ecology April 14, Media experiences “by other means” 20% of young adult TV viewers occasionally watch shows on something other than TV sets – computers (70%), laptops (36%), cell phones (16%), iPods (7%)

New Media Ecology April 14, Media experiences “by other means” 13% of young adult internet users have placed a phone call via the internet and 19% have used webcams to connect with others in remote locales

New Media Ecology April 14, Implication The young allocate their time differently and they spend more time with media

New Media Ecology April 14, Kaiser Family Foundation, Generation M, March 2005

New Media Ecology April 14, Reality 2 New gadgets allow people to enjoy media, gather information, and carry on communication anywhere and any time.

New Media Ecology April 14, Mobile devices 73% of adults own cell phones 77% of young adults and 63% of teens own them

The communications Swiss Army knife Percentage of cell phone owners whose phones have this feature Percentage who use this feature now on their cell phones Don’t use it now, but would like to have it Send and receive text messages 75% 35%13% Take still pictures39% 28%19% Play games63% 22%12% Access the internet44% 14%16% Send / receive 43% 8%24% Trade instant messagesNA 7%11% Play music21% 6%19% Record their own video clips22% 6%17% Get mobile mapsNA 4%47% Watch video or TV programs13% 2%14%

New Media Ecology April 14, Mobile devices 55% of adults own digital cameras 62% of young adults own them 51% of young adults and 67% of older teens share photos on the internet

New Media Ecology April 14, Mobile devices 43% of adults own video cameras 37% of teens own them 22% of young adults and 17% of older teens share videos online

New Media Ecology April 14, Mobile devices 40% of adults play video games 83% of teens do so Kaiser Family Foundation – March % of teens play games online

New Media Ecology April 14, Mobile devices 30% of adults own laptops 43% of young adults own them (53% of college students) % of all online adults log on wirelessly

New Media Ecology April 14, Mobile devices 20% of adults own MP3 players 51% of teens own them

New Media Ecology April 14, Mobile devices 11% of adults own a PDA or Blackberry 8% of teens own them

New Media Ecology April 14, Implication The notion of ‘presence’ is radically changed: you can be present while “absent” and absent while “present”

New Media Ecology April 14, Implication Conversations and information exchanges never end, though many are ‘incipient.’ Collaboration is commonplace and collective intelligence is pressed.

New Media Ecology April 14, Implication Expectations about the availability of people and information change. The need to be “findable” grows – and new norms of access to people and material need to be negotiated.

New Media Ecology April 14, Reality 3 The internet (especially broadband) is at the center of the revolution

Internet and broadband adoption All internet mill. Broadband at home- 96 mill.

New Media Ecology April 14, Broadband turns the web into a destination 43% of those using the internet on a typical day say they spend some time online just browsing for fun for no particular purpose

New Media Ecology April 14, Broadband makes video a big part of the internet experience 85% of young broadband users have watched online video 62% have watched YouTube videos 19% have posted videos

New Media Ecology April 14, Implication Information creation and media making become interactive and participatory. The people formerly known as “the audience” want to be in conversation and co-creation with other media makers.

New Media Ecology April 14, Reality 4 Multi-tasking becomes a way of life

New Media Ecology April 14, Kaiser Family Foundation, Generation M, March 2005

New Media Ecology April 14, Kaiser Family Foundation, Generation M, March 2005

Kaiser Family Foundation, Media Multitasking Among American Youth, December 2006

New Media Ecology April 14, Implication People live in a state of “continuous partial attention” which adds to their stress and distracts them from completing tasks well. --- Linda Stone

New Media Ecology April 14, Reality 5 Ordinary citizens have a chance to be publishers, movie makers, artists, song creators, and story tellers

New Media Ecology April 14, % of online teens have created their own profile on a social network site like MySpace or Facebook % of online adults have such profiles Content creation

New Media Ecology April 14, % of young adult internet users have uploaded photos to the internet Content creation

New Media Ecology April 14, % of online teens share their own creations online, such as artwork, photos, stories, or videos % of online adults have done this Content creation

New Media Ecology April 14, % have created or worked on webpages or blogs for others, including those for groups they belong to, friends or school assignments % of online adults do this Content creation

New Media Ecology April 14, % of online young adults have tagged online content Content creation

New Media Ecology April 14, % have created their own online journal or blog (33% of college students) % of online adults have a blog Content creation

New Media Ecology April 14, % of online teens report keeping their own personal webpage % of online adults have their own page Content creation

New Media Ecology April 14, Content creation 26% say they remix content they find online into their own artistic creations % of online adults have done this

New Media Ecology April 14, % of young adult internet users have uploaded videos to the web Content creation

New Media Ecology April 14, % of online young adults have created an avatar that interacts with others online Content creation

Content creation by age

New Media Ecology April 14, Implication Niche information markets explode as different people use the internet in different ways to pursue their passions. Communities proliferate

New Media Ecology April 14, A gadget and media typology Content creators Make and share digital media Ultra-traditionals TV, radio, landline telephone Mobiles Cell phone, wireless laptop Neo-traditionals Light to moderate internet users

New Media Ecology April 14, Reality 6 Everything will change even more in the coming years

New Media Ecology April 14, The J-curve laws Computing power doubles every 18 months – Moore’s law Storage power doubles every 12 months – disk law Communications power doubles every 2-3 years with improvements in fiber optics and compression – Gilder’s law –Spectrum power is enhanced with efficiency improvements in spectrum allocation and use

New Media Ecology April 14, Home media ecology – future Product Route to home Display Local storage cableTiVo (PVR)VCR TV stations phone/DSLTV Info wirelessradioDVD “Daily me” broadcast TVPCWeb-based storage content iPod /MP3server/ TiVo (PVR) Cable Nets broadcast radiostereoPC Web sites satellitemonitorweb storage Local news mailheadphonesCD/CD-ROM Content from express deliverypager individuals iPod / storageportable gamerMP3 player / iPod Peer-to-peer subcarriers / WIFIcell phonepagers - PDAs Advertising newspaper deliveryphonecable box Radio stationsPDA/Palmgame console game console paper Satellite radionon-electronicstorage sticks/disks Adapted from Tom Wolzien, Sanford C. Bernstein & Co

New Media Ecology April 14, Where we’re going Michael Wesch Asst. Prof. Cultural Anthropology Kansas State University On YouTube:

New Media Ecology April 14, Where we’re going =6gmP4nk0EOEhttp:// =6gmP4nk0EOE Michael Wesch Kansas State University

New Media Ecology April 14, Thank you! Lee Rainie Director Pew Internet & American Life Project 1615 L Street NW Suite 700 Washington, DC

New Media Ecology April 14, Life in the new digital ecosystem Everything is available all the time All the pressures push towards free content Individual options for accessing information become more plentiful and attention is more put-upon Users expect information on demand Users prize convenience as well as context Search becomes a basic behavior and skill Users want to be able to make choices about what they see and when they see it

New Media Ecology April 14, Life in the new digital ecosystem Users create content at will Social networks matter more Personally relevant content eclipses generic content Audiences splinter in many directions Virtual communities form without limits of time or distance Users time-shift and place-shift all media Mashups of content become another form of conversation Lines between media channels blur DIY surveillance and monitoring is commonplace

New Media Ecology April 14, Life in the new digital ecosystem The conversations have gotten bigger (in terms of the number of people participating). The conversations have more depth and breadth, because the tools give us that ability. The conversations are longer. The conversations are independent of place and time. The conversations can be archived for later use. Local society changes because the conversations that impact it are global and not just filled with local voices. Global society changes because more local voices (ideas, etc.) can be heard.

New Media Ecology April 14, Consequence – People’s relationship to media and information changes (1) Velocity of information increases – that gives us more hair- trigger environment and “smart mobs” (Howard Rheingold)

New Media Ecology April 14, Consequence – People’s relationship to media and information changes (2) Volume of information grows -- that gives us “long tail” opportunities (Chris Anderson), stress, need for more navigators 20%-40% of traffic or sales in the “long tail” Traffic Content Amazon, Rhapsody/iTunes, Netflix

New Media Ecology April 14, Consequence – People’s relationship to media and information changes (3) Valence of information increases – that gives us the “Daily Me” and the “Daily Us”

New Media Ecology April 14, Consequence – people’s reliance on their social network grows and the power of “influential nodes” increases The Internet’s Role in Making an Important Decision What specific role did the internet play in the event for which the internet played an important or crucial role? For respondents who said the internet played a crucial or important role in buying a car, making a major investment, getting additional career training, choosing a school for self or child, or helping someone with a major illness or health condition. Help you find advice and support from other people 34% Help you find information or compare options 30 Help you find professional or expert services 28 Source: Pew Internet & American Life Project March 2005 Survey. The margin of error ±5% for the 560 respondents to this question.

New Media Ecology April 14, Consequence – society moves more toward “networked individualism” (Barry Wellman) Human relations moving from groups to networks Looser, rather than denser networks Multiple Specialized Relationships Partial Membership in Multiple Networks More Long-Distance Relationships More Transitory Relationships More Weak Ties More Uncertainty, More Maneuverability More “reporting” relationships – less hierarchy

Motivation matters a lot

New Media Ecology April 14, Impact and implications - communication Teens expect to be able to gather and share information in multiple devices. They shrewdly sort out what communication and what information “belongs” on what device and under what circumstances. –Stephen Stills meets Go-Go Mr. Gadget: If they can’t be with the device they love, they love the device they’re with –“ is for old people.” IM may be fading, too

New Media Ecology April 14, Impact and implications – views of property Those who have grown up with interactive media want to manipulate, remix, and share content. Ideas about intellectual property change –Ideas about fair use and sharing change They also expect to be able to be in conversation with other creators.