DEVELOPMENT OF COLONIES ECONOMY-FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

SOUTHERN ECONOMY CITIES: Still found in South; region predominantly developed as a rural society of self-sufficient plantations Reduced importance of ports, shops, bakeries, markets

CASH CROPS Grown for sale rather than for feed Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina: Tobacco South Carolina, Georgia: Rice Indigo

TRIANGULAR TRADE Triangular Trade- goods and enslaved people were exchanged across the Atlantic Ocean Middle Passage- voyage bringing Africans to West Indies and N. America European traders would brand Africans in West Africa to identification purposes 13% of Africans who boarded ships crossing the middle passage died (quote pg. 33)

TRIANGULAR TRADE

AFRICAN SLAVERY 80-90% of Africans worked plantation fields Others were domestic servants African Culture did not diminish in the Americas Music, Dance, Storytelling traditions continued Slave resistance occurred as early as 1739 Stono Rebellion (Pg. 33)

NORTHERN ECONOMY Based on manufacturing and trade By 1770’s 1/3 of British ships were built in colonies Boston, New York, Philadelphia: major trade ports 1700’s: 463,000 Europeans migrate to America Farming in North Cash crops produced such as wheat and corn Slavery still existed in N. and Middle Colonies

ENGLIGHTENMENT Renaissance- emphasis on reason and rational thought to solve world’s problems Less reliance on God, Bible Result: discovery of natural laws/principles that governed world and human behavior Copernicus: Sun is center of universe Galileo: Father of modern science/astronomy Newton: 3 laws of motion

ENLIGHTENMENT CT’D Works during Renaissance resulted in Enlightenment- philosophic value placed on reason and scientific method Popular in Colonies Books and Pamphlets produced containing ideas High literacy rate amongst Northerners Enlightenment: Science and logic replace bible and church authority Is it logical that all humans are born with natural rights? (John Locke, Thomas Jefferson)

GREAT AWAKENING Series of religious revivals aimed at restoring intensity of Puritan church Coincided with Enlightenment (Mid 18th C.) Great Awakening message from Puritan Preacher Jonathan Edwards- Pg. 36 Example of aggressive revival Emotion, fear used as tools

RESULTS OF MOVEMENTS ENLIGHTENMENT GREAT AWAKENING Reason-based Traditional authority was questioned Concept of Natural Rights resulted in Colonists questioning Britain’s right to rule them GREAT AWAKENING Emotion, Fear Loyalty to Puritan/Anglican religions was abandoned due to newer, more emotional religions Example: Baptists, Methodists

TENSIONS WITH FRANCE France: Empire expanding in N. America Controlled lands west of English Colonies Ohio River Valley: West of Pennsylvania and Virginia Fertile farmland with large river ways draining to New Orleans 1754: French Colonists build Fort Duquesne in region PROBLEM: Virginia Gov granted land to English farmers

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR VA Governor: Sends militia to remove French at Fort Duquesne in 1754 Begins French and Indian War French defeat Virginian Militia Led by 22-yr old George Washington 1 year later, British send 1,500 soldiers to attack Fort Duquesne French formed alliance Native Americans Ambushed British; forced retreat

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR British King George II appointed William Pitt as key political/military advisor British began winning series of battles against French; gained alliance of Iroquois Tribe 1759- British win key battle at Quebec City; win war 1763- Treaty of Paris signed G.B claims Canada, N. America east of Miss. River Spain claims lands W. of Miss. River France all but eliminated from N. American claims

EUROPEAN CLAIMS IN AMERICA 1754 1763

NATIVE AMERICAN IMPACT French Colonists were more hospitable to Native Americans than British were Pontiac: Native American leader who captured 8 forts in Ohio valley Proclamation of 1763: Established line along Appalachian Mountains Forbid English from settling in Ohio Valley Largely Ignored; Tensions continued