1 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates include: Small sugar molecules in soft drinks Long starch molecules in pasta and potatoes Copyright Cmassengale.

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Presentation transcript:

1 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates include: Small sugar molecules in soft drinks Long starch molecules in pasta and potatoes Copyright Cmassengale

2 Monosaccharides: Called simple sugars Include glucose, fructose, & galactose Have the same chemical, but different structural formulas C 6 H 12 O 6 Copyright Cmassengale

3 Monosaccharides Glucose is found in sports drinks Fructose is found in fruits Honey contains both glucose & fructose Galactose is called “milk sugar” -OSE ending means SUGAR Copyright Cmassengale

4 Isomers Glucose & fructose are isomers because they’re structures are different, but their chemical formulas are the same Copyright Cmassengale

5 Rings In aqueous (watery) solutions, monosaccharides form ring structures Copyright Cmassengale

6 Cellular Fuel Monosaccharides are the main fuel that cells use for cellular work ATP Copyright Cmassengale

7 Disaccharides A disaccharide is a double sugar They’re made by joining two monosaccharides Involves removing a water molecule (condensation) Bond called a GLYCOSIDIC bond Copyright Cmassengale

8 Disaccharides Common disaccharides include:  Sucrose (table sugar)  Lactose (Milk Sugar)  Maltose (Grain sugar ) Copyright Cmassengale

9 Disaccharides Sucrose is composed of glucose + fructose Maltose is composed of 2 glucose molecules Lactose is made of galactose + glucose GLUCOSE Copyright Cmassengale

10 Polysaccharides Complex carbohydrates Composed of many sugar monomers linked together Polymers of monosaccharide chains Copyright Cmassengale

11 Examples of Polysaccharides Starch Glycogen Cellulose Glucose Monomer Copyright Cmassengale

12 Starch Starch is an example of a polysaccharide in plants Plant cells store starch for energy Potatoes and grains are major sources of starch in the human diet Copyright Cmassengale

13 Glycogen Glycogen is an example of a polysaccharide in animals Animals store excess sugar in the form of glycogen Glycogen is similar in structure to starch because BOTH are made of glucose monomers Copyright Cmassengale

14 Cellulose Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on Earth It forms cable-like fibrils in the tough walls that enclose plants It is a major component of wood It is also known as dietary fiber Copyright Cmassengale

15 Cellulose SUGARS Copyright Cmassengale

16 Dietary Cellulose Most animals cannot derive nutrition from fiber They have bacteria in their digestive tracts that can break down cellulose Copyright Cmassengale

17 Sugars in Water Simple sugars and double sugars dissolve readily in water They are hydrophilic, or “water- loving” WATER MOLECULE SUGAR MOLECULE -OH groups make them water soluble Copyright Cmassengale

18 End Copyright Cmassengale