2.  The energy you use comes from the carbohydrates in food  Your body changes carbohydrates into glucose– a form you can use for immediate energy  Your body also stores some glucose in muscles and liver for later use

3.  An organic compound that is the body’s main source of energy  Its name breaks down into tow of the main elements in the structure– Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H)  Carbohydrates also contain oxygen (O)  Empirical Formula: C n H 2n O n

4.  We will look at these structures more later

5.  They are found mainly as foods from plant sources such as:  Fruits  Vegetables  Grain products  Peas

6.  They are produced by plants through the process of photosynthesis  Plants absorb energy from the sun, water through the roots and carbon dioxide from the air  A chemical reaction occurs which produces oxygen and glucose CO 2 + H 2 O + energy = O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6

7.  Glucose is the basic sugar molecule from which all other carbohydrates are built  Plants can convert sugar into other sugars, starches, and fiber  Glucose will convert to sugar first then to starch as plants mature

8. Carbohydrate Complex StarchFiber Simple MonosacharidesDisaccharides

9.  Simple carbohydrates are one or two sugars in very small molecules  Complex carbohydrates are starches and fiber– large molecules made of many simple carbohydrates

10.  Sugars exist in various crystalline structures  Contain –OH groups called hydroxyl groups  A hydroxyl group is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, containing one atom of each

11.  Sugars are given the name saccharide  A saccharide is a sugar or substance made from sugar  Two types of simple sugar saccharides  Monosaccharide  disaccharide

12.  Single molecule of sugar  Three examples:  Glucose- the “building blocks” of all sugars  Fructose- found in fruits and tree sap  Galactose- Not found free in nature, but bonded to something else; found in yogurt and aged cheese

13.  Made of two monosaccharides bonded together  Three examples:  Sucrose  Glucose + Fructose  Table Sugar  Maltose  Glucose + Glucose  Cereals & Grains  Lactose  Glucose + Galactose  Milk

14.  Polymers form when many single sugars join together chemically  Include: Starch & Cellulose  Bonded together through glycosidic covalent bonds

16.  Storage molecule in plants  Provides the majority of food calories consumed by people worldwide  Plants store energy in amylopectin  Animals store energy in the muscles and liver as glycogen  For long term storage, animals convert the food calories from carbohydrates to fat  Humans store fat in adipose tissue

17.  Found in plant cell walls and is the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth  Source of dietary fiber  Cannot be digested by animals