Unit 1: Three Worlds Meet Chapter 5: Beginnings of an American Identity Section 2: Roots of Representative Government Section 3: The French and Indian War

Colonists expected certain rights (because they were Englishmen) In 1215: The Magna Carta (in England) gave limits to the power of the King of England (King John), and gave more power and rights to the people. In 1215: The Magna Carta (in England) gave limits to the power of the King of England (King John), and gave more power and rights to the people. Carta means “ charter ” Carta means “ charter ” A charter is a written statement of rights and responsibilities A charter is a written statement of rights and responsibilities

A rare 710-year-old copy of the Magna Carta valued at up to $30 million is due to be sold by The Perot Foundation at Sotheby's in New York in December (2007), the auction house said on Tuesday. The Magna Carta established rights of the English people and curbed the power of the king. The US Constitution includes ideas and phrases taken almost directly from the charter, which rebellious barons forced their oppressive King John to sign in 1215 The Magna Carta established rights of the English people and curbed the power of the king. The US Constitution includes ideas and phrases taken almost directly from the charter, which rebellious barons forced their oppressive King John to sign in 1215

By 1688, the English Parliament decided to overthrow the King because he wasn ’ t respecting people ’ s rights. In the “ Glorious Revolution ” William and Mary became the new King/Queen of England In the “ Glorious Revolution ” William and Mary became the new King/Queen of England It was a “glorious” revolution because it was done peacefully It was a “glorious” revolution because it was done peacefully

When they became King and Queen… William and Mary agreed to uphold “ The English Bill of Rights ” William and Mary agreed to uphold “ The English Bill of Rights ” They would not cancel laws or add new taxes unless Parliament agreed. They would not cancel laws or add new taxes unless Parliament agreed. Free elections and frequent meetings of Parliament must be held. Free elections and frequent meetings of Parliament must be held. Excessive fines and cruel punishment were forbidden. Excessive fines and cruel punishment were forbidden. People had the right to complain without being arrested. People had the right to complain without being arrested. Laws would come from the people – not the government. Laws would come from the people – not the government. Of course, American Of course, American colonists wanted colonists wanted these same rights these same rights

And, as part of the changes in England In the colonies, some of the powers began being shared by the English monarch, and local colonists. In the colonies, some of the powers began being shared by the English monarch, and local colonists. Someone who inherits their power and rules a country for life (like a king or queen) Someone who inherits their power and rules a country for life (like a king or queen) But the monarchs actually interfered very little in colonial affairs: this was called salutary neglect. The colonists were acting almost completely on their own

Also going on by the early 1700 ’ s: England and France were the two most powerful nations in the world. England and France were the two most powerful nations in the world. They hated each other. They hated each other. They fought a series of wars (4) They fought a series of wars (4) 1. King William’s War 1. King William’s War 2. Queen Anne’s War 2. Queen Anne’s War 3. King George’s War 3. King George’s War 4. The French and 4. The French and Indian War Indian War

The French and Indian War ( ) Which one? Which one? A. French against A. French against the Indians the Indians C. Colonists against C. Colonists against the British the British B. British against the B. British against the Indians Indians D. British against the D. British against the French French (who were helped by the Indians) (who were helped by the Indians) Correct answer: D

Results: English beat the French English beat the French France gave England all of Canada and all it ’ s lands between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River. France gave England all of Canada and all it ’ s lands between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River. Spain also gave England what is now Florida. Spain also gave England what is now Florida. The wars cost a lot of money, so the colonists had to pay more taxes. The wars cost a lot of money, so the colonists had to pay more taxes. The colonies began to unite. The colonies began to unite. Colonists began to realize they were a lot different than the English who were there fighting. Colonists began to realize they were a lot different than the English who were there fighting.

After the French and Indian War was over… The British moved in and took over their forts. The British moved in and took over their forts. They refused to trade with the Native Americans (the French did trade with the Native Americans). They refused to trade with the Native Americans (the French did trade with the Native Americans). The Native Americans attacked many of the forts – one attack was supposed to have been organized by the Ottawa war leader Pontiac – and was called … “ ________ Rebellion ” The Native Americans attacked many of the forts – one attack was supposed to have been organized by the Ottawa war leader Pontiac – and was called … “ ________ Rebellion ”

So the British decided to get even for the attacks They killed many Native Americans – some who had nothing to do with the attacks. They killed many Native Americans – some who had nothing to do with the attacks. They had a plan to get rid of some more. They had a plan to get rid of some more. They invited some Native American war leaders in to talk about peace and as a nice gesture gave them some blankets. They invited some Native American war leaders in to talk about peace and as a nice gesture gave them some blankets. The blankets were infected with smallpox, and started a deadly outbreak. The blankets were infected with smallpox, and started a deadly outbreak.

To try and stop some of these issues: The British said no-one could move west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British said no-one could move west of the Appalachian Mountains. But the colonists were angry at the British government – they felt they had won the right to settle there. But the colonists were angry at the British government – they felt they had won the right to settle there.

Today ’ s essential question: Why is “ where ” important? Pick one of the areas of land in colonial America and tell me why it was important that it was settled by that European nation.