Memory Pre- Class: Please complete the “Test your Memory” quiz in your packets. When you are done, please sit quietly and wait for the rest of the class

What is memory? Memory is the process by which we recollect prior experiences, information, and skills learned in the past.

3 Kinds of Memory Episodic (flashbulb) Generic Procedural

Episodic Memory of a specific event Like an episode of a T.V Series Ex. What did you have for dinner? What did you do over the weekend? How did you celebrate your 16 th birthday? What did you do on your last family vacation?

Flashbulb Memory Ability to recall events in great detail Ex. Distinctive and Powerful memories

General Knowledge Memory Memory of Generic Information Ex. Who was the 1 st President?? You remember the answer, but not when or where you learned it

Procedural Memory How to perform certain skills

Closing Looking back at the Pre-class activity, please label each question to describe which type of memory each represents.

3 Processes of Memory 1. Encoding Visual, Acoustic, Semantic 2. Storage 3. Retrieval

1. ENCODING Your brain is Like a Computer –What happens when you hit ‘save’? Saves information, but you can’t see it Encoded in a different ‘language’

OTTFFSSENT Turn your packets to the last page. On the bottom of the page, rewrite the pattern from memory Did you remember??? How??

Visual See an image of the pattern in your head and you remember

Acoustic Read and repeat pattern to yourself

Semantic Make meaning out of a pattern You do this all the time in school- Vocabulary Foreign Language Science Math

O T T F F S S E N T N W H O I I E I I E E O R U V X V G N N E R E E H E E N T

2. STORAGE Maintenance of encoded information over a period of time Repeat info over and over The more time spent rehearsing, the longer you will remember Make the information relevant to already known info

Storage Organizational Systems –As memory develops, it is organized into files within files –Sometimes errors occur… affects next step in memory process

3. RETREIVAL Locates information and bringing it into conscious thought

Retrieval- Depends on circumstances Context Dependent Memory Need to be in the same place in order to remember

State-Dependent Memory Have to be in the same emotional state to remember something –Ex. When you are sad, you remember other sad things. When you are happy, you remember happy things

Tip of the Tongue Memory You know you know something, but you can’t verbalize Sometimes you try to summon words with similar meanings or sounds until you remember

3 Stages of Memory 1. Sensory 2. Short-term Primacy effect Recency effect Chunking Interference 3. Long-term

1. Sensory Memory Immediate, initial recordings of information through our senses –All senses have sensory registers Snapshots Accurate, photographic but only last a few minutes Ability to remember visual stimuli for a long time 5% of Children (Cam Jensen) Nearly gone by adolescence Mental traces of sounds Easier to remember sounds than visuals

2. Short Term Memory Working Memory Information fades rapidly and must be repeated to be retained Remember the first items in a series Remember the last items in a series

SHORT TERM MEMORY Organization of items into familiar and manageable units Businesses use letters or repeating numbers to help customers remember their phone number

SHORT TERM MEMORY In football…. In memory… Occurs when new information appears in Short term memory and takes the place of what already exists -Can cause you to forget Short term Memory is like a shelf…. Once it is full, you can’t put anything else on it until something comes off or transfers into Long Term Memory

3. LONG TERM MEMORY MAINTENCE REHEARSAL ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL Memory has not been found to have a capacity… Mental representations that we form of the world by organizing information into knowledge

Basic Memory Tasks Recognition- Identification of objects or events that have been encountered before

Basic Memory Tasks Recall- Bring information back into mind

Basic Memory Tasks Relearning Does not take long to recall information previously learned

Forgetting Repression Decay…diseases like Alzheimer’s Amnesia

Decay Fading away of a memory

Repression Forgetting things on purpose without being aware that you are doing it Freud- Some memories are so painful or scary that you feel guilt, anxiety, or shame

Amnesia Infantile –Can’t remember anything before the age of 3 Hippocampus does not develop fully until 2

AMNESIA Anterograde –Prevents someone from forming new memories Usually happens after an accident or brain trauma

AMNESIA Retrograde –Cannot remember information from before the accident

AMNESIA Disassociative –Caused by Psychological Trauma

Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia

Improving Memory Drill & Practice Relating: “I” before “e”/weird Unusual Associations: Construct Links: Pay-so (Peso) Mnemonic Devices: ABC order, numerical order, acronyms (HOMES) –RATSLEG …. ROYGBIV