Chapter 18 Classification

Order From Chaos When you need a new pair of shoes, what do you do? You probably walk confidently into a shoe store, past the tens or hundreds of pairs of shoes you don’t want and straight to the kind you do want. How do you find them? Shoes are organized in the store in categories. People organize objects by grouping similar objects together.

18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Objective Explain how living things are organized for study Describe binomial nomenclature Explain Linnaeus’s system of classification

18-1 Homework Define each vocabulary word in at least one complete sentence. Write out all key concepts.

18–1Finding Order in Diversity A. Why Classify? B. Assigning Scientific Names C. Linnaeus’s System of Classification

A. Why Classify? – –taxonomy –

B. Assigning Scientific Names 1.Early Efforts at Naming Organisms

2. Binomial Nomenclature each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

C. Linnaeus’s System of Classification species -- genus -- family -- order -- class -- phylum -- kingdom -- 2 plants and animals

Linnaeus’s System of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Grizzly bearBlack bearGiant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Figure 18-5 Classification of Ursus arctos

18-1 Homework All 5 questions on page 450 in at least 3 complete sentences.

18–3 Kingdoms and Domains Objective Name the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified Describe the three-domain system of classification.

18–3 Homework Define each vocabulary word in at least one complete sentence. Write out all key concepts.

18–3Kingdoms and Domains A.The Tree of Life Evolves B.The Three-Domain System C.Domain Bacteria D.Domain Archaea E.Domain Eukarya

A. The Tree of Life Evolves simple view of life 2 kingdoms not sufficient to classify all organism 6 kingdom system of classification

B.The Three-Domain System

C.Domain Bacteria unicellular and prokaryotic

D.Domain Archaea unicellular and prokaryotic

E.Domain Eukarya all organisms containing true nucleus

Protista- Fungi – Plantae – Animal -

Concept Map are characterized by such as and differing which place them in which coincides with which place them in which is subdivided into Living Things Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Important characteristics Cell wall structures Domain Eukarya Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia

DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Streptococcus, Escherichia coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Methanogens, halophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals Eukarya Classification of Living Things Figure Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains

Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN EUKARYA DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN BACTERIA Figure Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains

Homework 18-3 Answer all 5 questions on page 461 in at least 3 complete sentences.

Homework Chapter 18 assessment questions page 465: Multiple choice questions: # 1-5, 6-10 Understanding concepts: # 21-25, Each in at least 3 complete sentences.