INTRODUCTION TO CLASSIFICATION 4-27-15. WHY CLASSIFY? TAXONOMY: the science of classifying things  Examples of everyday taxonomy:  Grocery store  Library.

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Presentation transcript:

INTRODUCTION TO CLASSIFICATION

WHY CLASSIFY? TAXONOMY: the science of classifying things  Examples of everyday taxonomy:  Grocery store  Library  Online video store

SCIENTIFIC NAMING Helps all scientists worldwide know what organism is being talked about Early on: organisms described by physical characteristics  Two-winged, scaley legged, sharp beaked flyer  “Oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges

SCIENTIFIC NAMING BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: each species is assigned a two-part name based on their classification  GENUS + SPECIES = scientific name  Homo + sapien = human

Scientific names help scientists to communicate. –Some species have very similar common names. –Some species have many common names.

CLASSIFICATION OF ROADRUNNER AND COYOTE— LOONEY TUNES Pseudo-Latin names given for the Road Runnerfor the Coyote Acceleratii incredibusCarnivorous vulgaris Accelerati incredibilusCarnivorous vulgaris Acceleratti incredibilisCarnivorous vulgaris Velocitus tremenjusRoad-Runnerus digestus Hot-roddicus supersonicusEatibus anythingus Speedipus rexFamishus-famishus Velocitus delectiblusEatibus almost anythingus Delicius-deliciusEatius birdius Dig-outius tid-bittiusFamishius fantasticus

LINNEAUS Carolus Linneaus ( )  Created seven levels of classification levels  Has been able to adjust to new species being discovered “As one sits here in summertime and listens to the cuckoo and all the other bird songs, the crackling and buzzing of insects, as one gazes at the shining colors of flowers, doth one become dumbstruck before the Kingdom of the Creator.”

LINNEAN CLASSIFICATION Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Least inclusive, most specific Most inclusive, least specific

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order :Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapien SubPhylum Vertebrata

EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION Biologists now group organisms into categories that represent evolutionary descent, not just physical similarities CLADOGRAM: a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships in the development of organisms  Derived Characters: “new” characteristics found in recent parts of a lineage.

CLADISTICS IS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON COMMON ANCESTRY. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history for a group of species.  evidence from living species, fossil record, and molecular data  shown with branching tree diagrams

PLANT KINGDOM CLADOGRAM

DOMAINS Category added above “Kingdom”  Domain Bacteria  Kingdom Eubacteria  Domain Archaea  Kingdom Archaebacteria  Domain Eukarya  all organisms with eukaryotic cells

6 KINGDOMS OF LIFE 1.Archaebacteria: unicellular prokaryotes 2.Eubacteria: unicellular prokaryotes 3.Protista: unicellular eukaryotes 4.Fungi: multicellular eukaryotic decomposers 5.Plantae: multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs 6.Animalia: multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs