1. Classification of Organisms
It’s always changing!!!!

2. Taxonomy
The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

3. How Did We Get Our Modern System of Classification?

4. Binomial Nomenclature
A system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name
Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish biologist in the 1700s
Approach has been universally adopted
The organism’s “scientific name”

5. Genus & Species
A level of classification that comes after family and that contains similar species
The first word in the scientific name
Capitalized
The second word (the species name)
Lowercased
Homo sapiens

6. Family
Similar genera
Hominidae (Great Apes)

7. Order
A grouping of similar families
Primates

8. Class
A grouping of orders with common properties
Mammalia

9. Phylum Classes with similar characteristics
Chordata (subphylum: Vertebrata)

10. Kingdom
Similar phyla grouped together
Animalia

11. Domain Largest and most inclusive taxonomic category
Similar kingdoms grouped together
3 domains
Archaea (prokaryotes)
Bacteria (prokaryotes)
Eukarya (4 kingdoms of eukaryotes)

12. Domain

13. Domain

14. Domain Archaea (prokaryotes) Bacteria (prokaryotes)
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Live in extreme environments: volcanic hot springs, brine pools, black organic mud
Cell wall lacks peptidoglycan (murein): made of sugars and amino acids
Bacteria (prokaryotes)
Kingdom Eubacteria
Free-living soil organisms to deadly parasites
Cell wall contains peptidoglycan

15. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia

16. How Do I Remember It All? Do Kindly Pay Cash Or Furnish Good Security
Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup
Did Kermit Puke Cookies On Fozzie's Green Sweater?
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

17. Biological Species
A group of organisms that can reproduce only among themselves and that are usually contained in a geographic region

18. Convergent Evolution
The process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment

19. Analogous Characters
Similarities that arise through convergent evolution

20. Phylogeny The evolutionary history of a species or taxonomic group
Discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices

21. Cladistics
A phylogenetic classification system that uses shared derived characters and ancestry as the sole criterion for grouping taxa
Example: birds and mammals:
a backbone is an ancestral character
feathers are a derived character

22. Cladogram
A diagram that is based on patterns of shared, derived traits and that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms