1. Classification
Pg 337

2. Classification of Living Organisms
Identified by traits
Organize life’s diversity
Over 1.7 million species on Earth
Taxonomy
Naming and classifying organisms
Scientific Nomenclature

3. Scientific Nomenclature
Carl Linnaeus
1750, the binomial nomenclature
2 word system that includes the genus and species
Genus represents the “noun”
Species represents the “adjective”
Scientific name
No two different species have the same name

4. Rules for Using Scientific Names
2 latin or latin-like terms
All members of the genus share the genus name
Second term is descriptive, species
Genus is capitalized and species lower case
Both terms italicized or underlined

5. Linnaean system Classified all plants and animals
Organisms are grouped based on their similarities in their form and structure
Eight basic levels of modern classification

6. Eight basic levels of modern classification pg 338
Domain
Kingdom – encompasses large groups
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus – uniquely shared traits within a family
Species – unique group of organisms united by heredity or interbreeding

7. Humans Classification
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Primates
Family Homidae
Genus Homo or Homo
Species sapiens or sapiens

8. Phylogenetics pg 341, 345 (Systemics)
Ancestral relationships between species.
Created a “family tree” that links ancestor and descendant across 1000s of generations
Judging relatedness; grouping organisms by similarities can be subjective.

9. Cladistics
Analysis that infers ancestral relationship between species (phylogenetics) through comparison of shared characteristics
Objective way to sort relatedness;
Morphology (form and function)
molecular make-up (DNA, RNA, genetics)
order and time of existence (geological time)

10. Illustrating Relationships Phylogenetic tree
Constructing Cladograms
Organisms are grouped together through the identification of shared derived characteristic.
Derived – evolved in one group but not in the other
All groups that arise from one point are related by a single ancestral lineage.
Shared characteristics between different groups of organisms.

11. Pg 342 in textbook

12. Genetic Drift
Cheetahs have undergone drastic population declines over the last 5,000 years.  As a result, the cheetahs alive today are descendants of only a few individuals, and each cheetah is almost genetically uniform with other members of the population.
Please answer the following in your assignment section;
Define Genetic Drift
Do you think that genetic drift has affected the cheetah population? Explain you answer.

13. Kingdoms and Domains pg 347
Carl Linnaeus had created a way to catalogue organisms with binomial nomenclature
Plants and Animals
Needed more detail
From 2 to 6 kingdoms;
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Cell type, cell walls, body type, nutrition, and genetics
Divided into 3 Domains; Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

14. Prokaryote or Eukaryote
Archaea and Bacteria
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
No true nucleus or organelles
Unicellular, autotroph or heterotroph
Eukarya
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Complex cells, true nucleus and organelles
Unicellular or multicellular
Heterotroph or autotroph
With or without cell walls (cellulose or chitin)