1. Classification
The World of Taxonomy

2. Classification and Taxonomy
Classification-grouping of objects or information based on similarities
Taxonomy-branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms.

3. Aristotle’s system Aristotle Greek philosopher
Developed the first method of classification
Grouped all living things into two groups
Plants
Animals

4. Carolus Linnaeus Created a taxonomic system still used today.
Linnaeus developed a method of classification based on:
Close relationships of organisms
Form & structure
He grouped all organisms according to a two-part name (binomial nomenclature).
The first part of the name is the "generic" grouping or genus.
The second part is the "specific" grouping or species.

5. Species Name Written in italics Genus name capitalized
Come from Latin roots
Homo sapiens

6. Species
Population of interbreeding organisms capable of producing fertile offspring.
Capable of reproducing and offspring (babies) can also reproduce.

7. Taxonomic Categories
All living organisms are classified using categories
1.Species- is the most specific:
(sapiens sapiens)
2.Genus-describes the species:
(Homo)

8. Taxonomic Categories Continued
3. Family-taxonomic grouping of closely related genera (genus).
(Hominidae)
4. Order-group of related families
(Primata)
5. Class-group of related orders
(Mammalia)

9. Taxonomic Categories Continued
6. Phylum: a group of related classes
(Chordata)
7. Kingdom: a group of related phylum
(Animalia)

11. Taxonomic Categories Steps in order-Human Kingdom-Animalia
Phylum-Chordata (have a backbone)
Class-Mammalia
Order-Primata (Primates)
Family-Hominidae
Genus-Homo
Species-sapiens sapiens

12. Taxonomic Categories Kingdom-Animalia Phylum-Chordata Class-Mammalia
Order-Primates
Family-Hominidae
Genus-Pan
Species-Pan troglodytes
Kingdom-Animalia
Phylum-Chordata (have a backbone)
Class-Mammalia
Order-Primata (Primates)
Family-Hominidae
Genus-Homo
Species-sapiens sapiens

13. Chimpanzee

14. How are they classified?
Species are classified by:
Evolutionary history (shared characteristics)
How an organism is born
birth or from eggs
Behavior patterns
How similar organisms act
Cellular level (similar cell parts)
Ways of obtaining food

15. 6 Kingdoms Eubacteria- “true bacteria”
Archaebacteria- “ancient bacteria”
Protista-eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi
Fungi- eukaryotes, heterotroph, unicellular or multicellular, gain nutrients in a unique way.
Plantae- eukaryotic, multicellular plants, mostly autotrophic
Animalia-eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophs

17. Vocabulary Prokaryote Eukaryote Heterotroph Autotroph Unicellular
Multicellular

18. Questions (Table 17-3)
Which kingdoms contain organisms with cells that have complex organelles?
List 10 questions regarding characters of the different kingdoms.