World Expansion How a thirst for more land led to the conflict known as the “Great War.”

Objective #1: 1. Describe U. S. expansion around the world Objective #1: 1. Describe U.S. expansion around the world? Name two future states who’s territory was added to the U.S. in this time period (What was a nick-name for one?). How did the U.S. gain them? What –ism created the need for more land, and what did we want from the new territory? I. U.S. EXPANSION (OBJ #1) A. ‘Isolation’ keeps America Out Policy to stay out of world affairs (Policy since Washington/Jefferson) Settling ‘West’ over (Manifest Destiny) B. End of Isolation 1. INDUSTRIALIZED Need RAW MATERIAL (Keep factories going) Need NEW MARKETS (Place to sell goods) 2. Competition Around World a. Europe dividing up world into colonies

C. Geographic Expansion (where U.S. Grew) 1. Seward’s Folly (Alaska) a . Bought from Russia (1867) @ 2 cents/acre b. Public Upset – (Gold! changes minds) 2. Hawaiian Annexation a. U.S. takes lead to keep Europe Out b. SUGAR Industry get BIG -Queen Liliuokalani takes power / limits power of U.S. sugar growers c. U.S. Growers overthrow Queen - Hawaii is Annexed- 1900 3. America Somoa (Coaling Station for U.S. Navy) The Queen Sugar fields Alaska was called “Polar Bear Garden” or Ice Garden at first!!!

IMPERIALISM D. What fueled this expansion? IMPERIALISM 1. The actions used by one nation to exercise political or economic control over a weaker nation a. Europe & America gaining land around world 2. Great White Fleet- 1907 a. T. Roosevelt paints American ships white and sends it around the world on tour b. SHOWS AMERICAN POWER Route of the Great White Fleet

U.S. Imperialism and the Great War (1890s-1910s)

Objective #2: Describe the causes and effects of the Spanish American War. What event did Yellow Journalist use to get Americans behind the war? Name the Spanish territory gained by the U.S.. What area of the world did the U.S. gain the most power in after the war? II. SPANISH AMERICAN WAR (OBJ #2) A. The Cuban Spark (1898) 1. Cubans rebel against Spain (Jose Marti) a. America Interested (why?) 2. Yellow Journalism a. Newspapers Write about Spanish Cruelty 3. USS MAINE EXPLODES!!! a. President McKinley sends Maine to Cuba b. Yellow Journalist say Spanish blew up ship -Really was an accident (Spain not dumb) - Kills 260 American Sailors The wreckage of the Maine Puck magazine published this cartoon depicting Cuba's difficult situation in the 1890s

Look closely at the headline:

B. WAR with SPAIN 1. Battle starts in Philippines US Navy attacks Spanish Navy 2. Battles in Cuba a. U.S troops enter Cuba b. More troops killed by disease than bullets 3. RESULT- “A splendid little War!!!” a. America Wins an Empire -U.S. Takes: Cuba- Independent, but US can intervene if it wants Puerto Rico- Limited self- rule but are U.S. citizens GUAM & PUERTO RICO sold to US for $20million Philippines- Want Independence!!- Fight U.S. **Not given until 1946 (after WWII)

Objective #3: Explain the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Objective #3: Explain the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. What major U.S. accomplishment symbolized America’s power? What natural barriers did the U.S. overcome to build it? What famous saying was used by Teddy Roosevelt and why would other countries in the area not like U.S. policy? III. Relations with Central & South America A. Monroe Doctrine 1. Europe needs to say out of N. & S. America 2. Roosevelt Corollary (Added to Monroe Doctrine) a. Right of the U.S. to preserve law and order in Central & South b. “Walk softly and carry a big stick” -1905 Dominican Republic couldn’t pay debt so U.S. Navy collected taxes What is this cartoon showing? What is the opinion of the artist? How can you tell?

How does this artist depict Teddy Roosevelt? Why would he do this? What else do you see in the picture? Explain

The United States as a World Power c. RESULTS: -American troops enter several countries (Mexico, Dom. Republic, Haiti, Hondurus) - Latin Am. with severe dislike of U.S.

B. PANAMA CANAL 1. Panama Isthmus (50mi.) a. Mountains, Malaria, Columbia Owns it 2. Panamanian Revolution a. US helps Panamanians when Columbia refuse canal deal 3. Beating Mother Nature a. 1st problem – DISEASE (malaria) -Drained and cleaned to cut down mosquito b. 2nd problem- Engineering -Cut through rock & mountains -Used a locks to raise and drop ships 85ft. 4. FINISHED – 1914 1st ship travels through a. American fleet can now get through to Pacific and Atlantic Ocean b. Cuts 7000mi. off trip from NY to SF Dr. Gorgas

How the canal works:

Objective #4 Describe the events that led to World War I Objective #4 Describe the events that led to World War I. What three major ism’s played a role in starting war? Describe the Alliance System. What event (and where) acted as the spark to WWI? How long after the war started did the U.S. join, why? IV. Causes of WORLD WAR I (OBJ #4) A. The 3 –ISM’s 1. Imperialism – The actions used by one nation to exercise political or economic control over smaller or weaker nations a. Cased by competition from Industrialism b. Countries need new Markets & Raw Materials for factories 2. Nationalism – Strong feelings of pride and loyalty for a country or culture a. Competition means people start cheering for their country to win land & become proud 3. Militarism- Development and building up of armies and navies for competition Imperialism and Africa: What had the European Nations done to the Continent of Africa? Why were they able to do this?

Imperialism and the Balance of Power

Alliance System B. Alliance System- 1. Secret treaties signed to protect each country from the others with all the –ism’s a.Triple Alliance -Germany –Austro Hungarian -Ottoman Empire b. Triple Entente (ahhn- tahnt) - Great Britain - France - Russia (Add Japan & Italy)

Austria/Hungary declares war on Serbia Germany invades Belgium Russia Vows To protect Serbia Germany Declares war on Russia Germany Declares war on France Archduke Franz Fernidand, heir to Austrian Throne, is assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist Austria/Hungary declares war on Serbia Germany invades Belgium Great Britain Declares War on Germany

The ‘Spark’ 2. The Spark: Sarajevo 1914 a. Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungarian Empire assassinated by Serb nationalist b. Austria Hungary- Blames Serbia and makes demands c. Russia- Protect “Fellow Slavs” (Serbians) Archduke Ferdinand and his wife

Alliance System comes into play 3. Alliance System goes into affect a. Countries Mobilize armies (get ready) b. Austri-Hungary Declares war on Serbia c. Russia Prepares for War w/ Austria d. Germany tells Russia to Stop e. Germany attacks France, hoping to win quickly and then deal with Russia (enters BELGIUM) f. Great Britain has alliance w/ Fr. & Russia **NO STOPPING ONCE IT STARTED!!!! Analyze: Looking at the map, what advantage do the Allied powers have?

American Reaction… what is the ism that applies??? C. America’s Neutrality 1. Immigrants = 1/3 population and many like home country 2. Trade, can make $ for selling to both sides -British blockade Germany and take goods **Is U.S. really neutral -U-Boats Torpedo ships going to Britain 3. Isolationism still U.S. Policy -Wilson elected- “He kept us out of war”

a. machine gun: Can fire up to 600 bullets a minute (the equivalent D. The WAR (1915) (OBJ #4) 1. The industrialization of warfare: New Technology Kills a. machine gun: Can fire up to 600 bullets a minute (the equivalent of 250 men with rifles) b. Poison Gas: Chlorine, Phosphane, mustard gas used by Germans c. Airplanes -Germans used Zeppelins- Blimp d. U-Boats (Submarines) -Sank supply ships going to Britain -Helps to bring Am. into War e. Tanks: response to Trench Warfare 2. Results: Trench Warfare -Miles of trenches, dirty, muddy, horrible -Tanks end trenches but too late -mainly due to invention: Machine Gun **Generals fight ‘Old’ Way= Millions Killed German infantrymen operating a machine gun during World War I. American troops wearing gas masks during World War I. The soldier at left, unable to get his mask on in time, clutches his throat as he breathes in the poisonous gas

5. Identify the major events surrounding the end of World War I 5. Identify the major events surrounding the end of World War I. What role did the U.S. play in ending World War I? How did the ‘Home Front’ support American efforts? How did the U.S. & Allied plans differ on how to treat the losers? Who in the United States opposed the Treaty of Versailles* (why)? What U.S. holiday was created on the day WWI ended? (U.S. Ch. 23 pgs. 733-739 / A.J. Ch. 23 pgs. 674-678) A. End of Neutrality 1. German U-boat Policy (subs) -Germany will sink all ships going to Allies -German u-boats sink the Lusitania, a British passenger ship from New York killing 1,000 (128 Americans) 2. Zimmerman Telegram -Germany tries to get Mexico to start war with U.S. (Get back lost land) 3. Russians Withdraw -Bolsheviks overthrow Czar (Communist) -Lenin withdraws Troops ***AMERICA ENTERS- April 1917*** What’s happening at the time: - British Starving - French Refusing to Fight - Russians Withdraw - U-boats Sinking Many Ships

a. Factories need workers (men at war) -Women, African Americans B. The War at Home 1. Supplies for the War a. Factories need workers (men at war) -Women, African Americans -Af. Am. Out of South (Great Migration) b. Paying for Supplies -Liberty Bonds (Let gov’t borrow $$) -Higher Taxes 2. Propaganda – Ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion a. Used by all countries to get citizens support b. Posters / Radio / Newspapers all have messages against the “Bad Guys” - Many Based on Race & Stereotypes How does this ad play to your emotion? How does it make you feel?

C. The War Ends (Revenge Begins) 1. American Troops Refresh Allies a. Gen. Pershing Refuses to let Americans serve under allies (keeps them separate) b. Germany can’t keep up once Fresh American army shows up. c. Germans request Armistice 11/11/18 (what holiday is this day today????) -Germans shocked because of propaganda -Wilson stops fighting w/conditions Surrender of German U-boats at end of WWI

Wilson’s attempt at Peace 2. Wilson’s Struggle for Peace a. Wilson’s 14 Points (Peace Plan) -New Nations (end European Empires) -End to secret treaties b. League of Nations -Countries to meet to resolve problems -Talking instead of fighting c. Opposition to Wilson -Allies want REVENGE against Germany (France for invading) -Payment of Reparations (Bill for War)

Official end of the “Great War” 3. Treaty of Versailles- 1919 a. Europeans kill Wilson’s plans b. Many Americans don’t like treaty -League of Nations? Tied to Old Europe?? -German Am. see it as too harsh c. SENATE REJECTS TREATY -Goes back to Isolationism Leaders meeting at Versailles

Describe the evolution of the foreign policy of the United States:

Provide a caption for each picture: Predict what is happening!!!