1. Causes of World War I

2. Europe 1914

3. The Four MAIN Causes Militarism The Alliance System Imperialism Nationalism

4. #1 Militarism Glorification of military as a symbol of national power –Fueled the arms (weapons) race This led to the development of new weapons and techniques of warfare

5. #2 Alliance System Ally – someone who is on your side and shares a common purpose –For example: Friend that backs you up. The problem was secret alliances were formed between countries.

6. Alliances Triple Entente/Allied Powers France Russia England Triple Alliance/Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Ottoman Empire

7. #3 Imperialism Imperialism – the policy in which a stronger nation extend control over weaker nations. –Strengthened by both nationalism and militarism

8. #4 Nationalism Nationalism is a extreme feeling of devotion to your country. Social Darwinism led to the belief in the superiority of one’s nation over others –“My country is better than your country!”

9. Alliances were a ticking time bomb…

10. Boom! Assassination of the Archduke of Austria- Hungary, Franz Ferdinand was the spark! Set off a chain reaction

12. Everyone starts to declares war! Austria-Hungary Declares war Thought it would be a small conflict, but because of the alliance system it spread quickly. In less than 1 week, the Central Powers were at war with the Allied Powers.

13. Russia enters the war Russia, which supported a policy of Pan-Slavism –Demonstrated its support for Serbia –Declared war on Austria

14. Germany sided with Austria

15. France sided with Russia

16. Germany invaded neutral Belgium to position themselves to attack France

17. Britain, an ally of Belgium, declared war on Germany

18. Germany Attacks Schlieffen Plan — Hold against Russia and move quickly through France

19. New Style of Fighting Trench warfare

22. Other Changes Machine Gun Tank Airplane Poison Gas

23. Stalemate! New technology leads to a stalemate (where no one is winning) –Machine guns and artillery killing thousands

24. Back in the US… U.S. Public Divided Wilson decides to stay out –Declares Neutrality

25. British Blockade British blockade –Germany couldn’t import food or industrial goods

26. Germans develop U-Boats Germany responded by attempting to blockade Britain. Submarines (U-boats) sunk any ship in water around England

27. German subs continued to attack…

28. Lusitania (May 7, 1915) German U-Boats sank the British Passenger boat the Lusitania off coast of Ireland. –128 of 1200 deaths were Americans onboard People in the U.S. were angry!

30. …but Wilson stays neutral

31. Election of 1916 Wilson campaigns on slogan “He Kept Us out of War” Wilson (narrowly) wins!

32. Two Events push US to War Zimmerman Note German unrestricted submarine Warfare

33. #1 Zimmerman Note Note intercepted from Germany to Mexico –Said that if the US declared war on Germany, Mexico should declare war on U.S. –And Germany would support Mexico trying to get its territory back from the U.S. (Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona)

34. And #2 German Submarines Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare

36. US Declares War April 2, 1917: Wilson appeared before Congress and asked for a declaration of war against Germany The Senate approved war by a vote of 82 to 6, the House by a vote of 373 to 50

37. U.S. is in!!!

38. Sedition in WWI What does patriotism mean? Do you think it’s important for people to be patriotic? Is it patriotic or anti-American to criticize the United States government?

39. Sedition in WWI Many socialists and labor unions opposed the war. They claimed that big business was controlling the government’s decision to enter the war; and that the government was entering the war not to “make the world safe for democracy,” but rather to make money on building war materials.

40. Sedition in WWI Many socialists and labor unions opposed the war. They claimed that big business was controlling the government’s decision to enter the war; and that the government was entering the war not to “make the world safe for democracy,” but rather to make money on building war materials.

41. Document A: Debs Document B: Schneck Sourcing1. What type of document is this and when was it written? 2. Who is the audience? 3. What do you predict they will say? Contextualization4. What was happening in the US and in Europe at this time? Close Reading5. What is the main message? What does the author try to convince you 6. Find a quote to support #5 7. In your opinion, is Debs or Schneck patriotic or anti- American? Explain.

42. Document C: Sedition Act Guiding Questions: –When was this law passed? Why did the US government pass this law? –In your own words, summarize this law. –Do you think this law was necessary? Why or why not? The purpose of reading this document is to consider whether or not Debs and Schneck were guilty of breaking this law.

43. Document C: Sedition Act Both Debs and Schneck were arrested for breaking the law, found guilty, and sentenced to jail. –Debs served 32 months in prison –Schneck spent 6 months in prison Do you think they broke the law?

44. Document D: Schneck v. United States What does this ruling say? Do you agree with the ruling?

45. Were critics of WWI anti- American?