Amendments 11-27

11: State’s Sovereign Immunity  “The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.”  Basically, states are not allowed to be sued in a federal court without their permission  Passed 1795

12: Running By Ticket  Before this, whoever came in second would become vice president (think Mitt Romney being Obama’s president)  Obviously they wouldn’t get along well, so they let the party that wins president also be vice president.  Ex. You technically vote for Biden to be Obama’s VP  Passed 1804

**13: No More Slaves  This amendment abolished slavery in the US  You can only work for someone else as a punishment  Congress can pass more laws to help enforce this.  Passed after the Civil War, 1865

**14: Civil Rights  ALL citizens have the same rights that will be protected by states and Federal gov’t  No male citizen (especially slaves) can be denied the right to vote  Also says you can’t be elected if you a member of Confederate army in Civil War  Passed in 1868

**15: Voting Rights  Ensures all citizens given the right to vote  That Right cannot be taken away because of race/color  Passed in 1870

16: Income Taxes  Congress can collect taxes based on how much money you make in a year (your income)  This allowed for more revenue in the government  Passed in 1913

17: Senator Elections  The people of each state get to elect their own Senators  Before, state legislatures elected the representatives they would send to the Senate  Passed 1913

**18: Prohibition  The making/selling of liquor is outlawed  You were allowed to own liquor, just couldn’t make any money off of it  States and federal gov’t enforced together  Passed 1919  Repealed in 1933 with the 21 st Amendment

**19: Women’s Suffrage  Gave women the right to vote  “the right to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US on account of sex”  Passed 1920

20: “Lame Duck”  Instead of starting in March after a November election, the President starts on Jan Noon. This time is called “Lame Duck”  Senators and Representatives start on Jan  Talks also about who becomes president if he dies between November and January  Passed 1933

**21: End of Prohibition  Making/Selling of liquor allowed again  Passed 1933

22 Presidential Terms  President gets to serve a limit of two terms.  If VP becomes president, he can run in two other elections  Happened after Franklin Roosevelt was elected 4 times  Passed 1951

23: DC Votes  Washington DC gets 3 electoral votes for presidential elections  Does not get Senators/Reps. Since it is not a state  Passed 1961

24: No More Poll Taxes  Poll taxes- put in place to try and hold back the amount of African Americans that were voting by making them pay money to vote.  Passed 1964 (During Civil Rights Movement)

25: Presidential Succession  This lays out the line of succession for the president up to 15 people  Done during the Cold War in case there was an attack. All 15 NEVER in the same spot at once  Passed 1967

**26: 18 year old Voters  Gives 18 year olds the right to vote  Passed 1971 This was the Vietnam War era, people argued that if 18 year olds could be sent to war, then they should be given the right to vote to have their voice heard

27: Congressional Pay  Congressmen can raise their salaries  Changes in pay take place after the next election (so you have to win again to get your $$)  Passed 1992