EARLY PRESIDENTS WASHINGTON ADAMS JEFFERSON MADISON MONROE QUINCY ADAMS JACKSON

FEDERALISTS STRONG NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HAMILTON-LEADER JOHN ADAMS-LEADER LOOSE INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION – ELASTIC CLAUSE-BEND THE RULES TO INCREASE THE POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT TARRIFFS (TAX ON IMPORTS) TO PROTECT AMERICAN BUSINESS SUPPORTED A NATIONAL BANK LIKED ENGLAND FACTORIES/MANUFACTURING (MERCHANTS) NORTH

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS (ANTI- FEDS) STRONG STATE GOVERNMENTS JEFFERSON-LEADER PATRICK HENRY-LEADER STRICT INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION (NO ELASTIC CLAUSE) FREE TRADE STATE BANKS-OPPOSED A NATIONAL BANK FRANCE AGRICULTURE-FAVORED SELF SUFFICIENT FARMERS SOUTH

WASHINGTON He had a willingness to listen to different points of view Problems facing the new country – National debt from revolutionary war – Hostile Indian tribes – War between France and England split the political parties and country Whiskey Rebellion-farmers rebel against national tax – Washington raises army and puts down the rebellion – 1 st test as president Bank Compromise-Jefferson v. Hamilton – Hamilton gets national bank – Jefferson gets national capital (Washington DC) in the South Washington’s farewell address – No debts – No foreign alliances (feared the US might be dragged into a foreign war) – No political parties – Proclamation of Neutrality – The nation should develop its own interests in the Western Hemisphere

ADAMS XYZ AFFAIR-dealt with French impressments – Impressments-Capturing and taking American ships, sailors and cargo Created US Navy

JEFFERSON Also believed in avoiding alliances with Europe just as Washington did Louisiana Purchase (1803) – Bought territory from France – Doubled the country in size-from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains – Lewis and Clark explored with help from Sacajawea Gave the US control over the Mississippi River Embargo Act of 1807 – British kidnapping of American Soldiers – Avoid political conflicts with European nations

MADISON (FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION) War of 1812 – England vs. US – English take over Washington DC – Cut off American shipping and trade American factories begin making goods to replace goods cut off from Europe Changed US Economy – Battle of New Oreleans Andrew Jackson Fought after war was over – Winner England – War ends with treat of Ghent

MONROE Era of Good Feelings-time of peace and prosperity in the US – Rise in nationalism-taking pride in one’s country Monroe Doctrine-US would not allow Europeans to colonize in the western hemisphere anymore-avoid political conflicts with European Nations Erie Canal was completed-it connected the Great Lakes to New York City – Allowed trade between the Atlantic Ocean and the Midwest – Made it easier to ship goods by water rather than by land

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS Tied with Andrew Jackson National road completed Hated slavery

ANDREW JACKSON Election of 1828-first election that most states did not enforce the land ownership requirement for voting Spoils system-Jackson appointed supporters and friends to government posts-rewarded supporters of elected officials with government jobs Indian Removal Act-law stating all Indians must move west of the Mississippi River (Cherokee, Creek and Seminole) – Worchester v. Georgia-Supreme Court says Indian removal is unconstitutional and Indians (Cherokee) could keep their land. – Jackson ignored the supreme court and forced Indians to move anyways – Trail of Tears-Cherokees forced march west of the Mississippi River Nullification Crisis-South Carolina made a state law saying states could nullify (declare invalid) national laws that were not in the states best interest. – Created by John C. Calhoun – Argument was over tariffs – South Carolina threatened to secede – Jackson threatened to take over South Carolina with army – Daniel Webster-opposed nullification – Senator that opposed the idea of nullification said only the Supreme Court and not the states had the power of Judicial Review