1. Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison
Chapter 6
Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

2. What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?
Established a national court system.
Allowed state courts to appeal to federal courts.
Set up both federal appellate and district courts.

3. What were the precedents (examples) Washington set for future presidents?
Created a cabinet (group of presidential advisors)
Served only two terms which will eventually become a constitutional amendment
Neutrality in foreign affairs

4. Who was in Washington’s first presidential cabinet?
Vice President- John Adams
Thomas Jefferson-Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton-Secretary of Treasury
Henry Knox- Secretary of War (now Secretary of Defense)
Ben Franklin – Post Master General

5. What were Hamilton and the Federalists beliefs of government?
Strong central government
Backed by North
Wanted to help trade and industry
Wanted Bank of the United States
Supported by wealthy and merchants

6. What were Jefferson and the Democratic Republican beliefs?
Weak central government (states’ rights)
Supported by farmers
Backed by the South
Against the Bank of the United States

7. How was the Bank of the United States started?
Funded by federal government and wealthy investors
Issue paper money and handle tax receipts and government funds
Won support of the South by agreeing to build new capitol in South for passage of the Bank.
Hamilton creates our financial system.

8. What were the nations first political parties?
Federalists- led by Alexander Hamilton. Wanted a strong central government
Democratic-Republicans- believed in states’rights led by Jefferson
Two party system- two main political parties compete for power.

9. What is a protective tariff?
Placed taxes on goods imported from Europe.
Brought in revenue to federal government.

10. Why was the Whiskey Rebellion important?
Small farmers did not want to pay an excise or sales tax on Whiskey.
The whiskey farmers attacked the tax collectors.
Washington brought in federal troops to enforce the law.
Washington showed that the federal government and the Constitution were here to stay.

11. What were America’s earliest foreign policy problems?
French Revolution
Should the U.S. side with Britain or France in European conflicts?
Washington believed in neutrality in foreign affairs.
Edmond Genet- sent to get support for France. Washington stays neutral.

12. What was Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)?
Treaty over the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Spain gave up lands east of the Mississippi River.
Gave U.S. right of deposit or trade in New Orleans.

13. How did U.S. expansion affect American Indians?
Americans began to settle in the Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Michigan)
Battle with Little Turtle at the Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)
American Indians continued to be pushed westward.

14. What was Jay’s Treaty? Treaty with Britain.
British agreed to give up their forts in the Northwest Territory.
However, the British navy continued to harass American ships.

15. What do you need to know about John Adams’ presidency?
2nd President ( )
Avoided war with France
Created the American navy
XYZ Affair- French officials attempt to bribe American officials.
Alien and Sedition Acts- Made it harder for immigrants to become American citizens. People were punished for criticizing the government.

16. What is sectionalism?
Placing the interests of one region over the nation as a whole.
Each section of the country wanted their own interests represented.

17. What is nullification?
States could refuse to obey federal laws they thought were unconstitutional.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions- Madison and Jefferson voice the policy of nullification in response to the Alien and Sedition Act

18. What was the importance of the Election of 1800?
Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, and John Adams ran for President.
Jefferson defeated Adams by 8 electoral votes.
The House of Representatives had to decide the winner.
Jefferson won the election.
First peaceful transition from one political party to another.

19. What was the importance of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
Court decision with John Marshall as chief justice.
Established judicial review. (The court could declare a law unconstitutional is this case the Judiciary Act of 1801.
Sets up the power of the judicial branch used today.

20. What was important about Thomas Jefferson’s presidency?
3rd President ( )
Bought the Louisiana Purchase that doubled the size of the U.S. for 15 million dollars from France.
Financed the Lewis and Clark expedition with Sacajawea.
Trouble with impressment from the British
Embargo Act (1807)- stopped trade, hurt American businesses

21. Who was William Henry Harrison?
Governor of Indiana Territory
Fought against Tecumseh for American Indian lands.
The British supplied American Indians with arms which angered Americans.

22. Who were the war hawks?
John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay wanted war with Britain.
Adams and Jefferson were able to avoid war, but Madison gave into the pressure.

23. What were the accomplishments of James Madison’s presidency (1809-1817)?
4th President of the U.S.
War of 1812 with Great Britain
American System- Bank of the United States, Tariff of 1816 and internal improvements like the Erie Canal and National Road.

24. What do you need to know about the War of 1812?
James Madison was president.
2nd war of independence
British burned Washington D.C.
Treaty of Ghent- ended the war.
Star-Spangled Banner written by Francis Scott Key at Ft. McHenry
Battle of New Orleans- after Treaty of Ghent led by General Andrew Jackson