Imperialism in Asia

Europeans used economic imperialism and spheres of influence in Asia

What areas did the Europeans control? Region Percentage Controlled Africa 90.4% Polynesia 98.9% Asia 56.5% Australia 100% Americas 27.2%

Ottoman Empire Loses Power After Suleiman I died in 1566 it went downhill from there: corruption, theft, weak rulers Selim III tried to reform but was unsuccessful Nationalist feelings were rising

Europeans Grab Territory Geopolitics- taking land for its location or products Ottoman empire strategic location for Europeans Russia and the Crimean War- trying to get land on Black Sea 1853. France and Britain joined the Ottomans to defeat the Russians Romania, Montenegro, Cyprus, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Bulgaria break off of Ottoman Empire Russia and Britain competing for parts of Persia Development of Persia’s oil fields

Egypt and the Suez Canal Egypt attempts reform to avoid same fate Muhammad Ali won against the Ottomans and got control of Egypt Ismail (his grandson) constructs the Suez Canal – 1869 opened

U.S. Acquires the Pacific Islands U.S. gained the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam as a result of the Spanish-American War in 1898 Debate over imperialism in the U.S. 1902 U.S. defeats Philippine nationalists Businessmen exploited the islands while others built it for self-rule Hawaii was port en route to China 1820s sugar cane production in Hawaii 1890 McKinley Tariff Act eliminated tariffs on sugar entering U.S., so hurt Hawaiian business Annexation of Hawaii Queen Liliuokalani- 1893 new constitution but then overthrown by American businessmen 1894 Sanford Dole named president of Republic of Hawaii and the US annexed it - 1898

British Expand Control over India Mughal empire in decline by 1707 East India Company became the leading power in India in after1757 Battle of Plassey Company ruled with little interference from the British government and had its own army staffed by sepoys (Indian soldiers)

The Jewel in the Crown India’s own industry dramatically affected because Indian competition with British finished goods was prohibited Railroad network established Benefits for India- modernization Negative effects- British held economic and political power, loss of self-sufficiency for farmers, etc

Indians Rebel By 1850 the British controlled most of the subcontinent Sepoy rebellion 1857 - “India’s first war for independence” – Sepoys captured Delhi and it took a year to regain the country but the Indians could not unite against the British due to weak leadership and serious splits between Hindus and Muslims 1858 the British take direct control over India to control rebellions Raj- British rule over India 1757-1947 Racist attitudes fueled

Indian Nationalist Movements begin Ram Mohun Roy launched campaign to modernize India by getting rid of traditional practices and ideas Nationalism surfaced- led to forming the Indian National Congress in 1885 and the Muslim league in 1906 1905 partition of Bengal