1. Chapter 11 The Age of Imperialism

3. List 3 things that you know about Imperialism.
Fold the paper into an airplane
Throw your paper airplane to someone on the other side of the room
Add 3 more things that are not on the paper

4. Section 3 Europeans Claim Muslim Land
Crimean War
Example of geopolitics
RUS attacks Ottomans to gain warm-water port on the Black Sea & access to Mediterranean Sea
RUS loses, but Ottomans are shown to be weak; still lose land b/c of rebellions
Egypt Initiates Reforms
Muhammad Ali breaks away from Ottoman control and rules Egypt
Begins series of reforms in military and economy
modernizes to keep out Euro control
Shifts Egypt agriculture from food crops to cash crops (similar to Euro colonial policies)
Geopolitics: taking land for its strategic location or products

5. The exploitation of Persia
The Suez Canal
Egypt builds Suez Canal
Modernization creates huge debt
Brits take over financial control of canal and occupy Egypt
The exploitation of Persia
Rus wants access to Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean
Brit wants Persian oil and Afghanistan
1907, Rus and Brit seize and divide Persia between them as spheres of influence
Exploit: take advantage of/ to use
Sphere of influence: an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

6. Group Work Critical Thinking Questions In groups of 3, use your textbook and work together to answer the following questions:
What part did internal corruption play in the decline of Ottoman power?
Why did the discovery of oil in Persia increase the value of Ottoman territory?
In what way were the RUS, BR, and FR motivations in the Crimean War similar?
How was Muhammad Ali’s promotion of cotton production similar to Euro imperialists’ actions in AFR?
Why was the completion of the Suez Canal cause for international celebration?
What advantages did granting business concessions to Western countries offer Persia?
How did Persia’s granting of concessions eventually lead to its takeover by BR & RUS?

7. Critical Thinking Answers
It led to a weakened economy and technological stagnation.
The oil had to pass through Ottoman land to Europe.
They all wanted to control Ottoman territory
Both substituted production of cash crops for food crops
It greatly decreased the time needed to travel from Euro to East AFR and Asia
Income, development of their resources, and participation in world events
Concessions allowed Western countries to establish an economic foothold in Persia, which they exploited when the Persian gov’t lost control of the country.

8. Section 4 British Imperialism in India
East India Company Dominates
Company has its own army led by Brit officers & staffed by sepoys
Brit’s “Jewel in the Crown”, most valuable colony
British Expand Control Over India
Impact of Colonialism
Brits control political & economic power
Cash crops result in loss of self-sufficiency, famine
Indian life disrupted by missionaries and racist attitudes
Brits modernize India’s economy, improve public health
Sepoy: Indian soldier

9. Nationalism Surfaces in India
The Sepoy Mutiny
INs rebel
Sepoys refuse to use cartridges of new rifles b/c religious reasons
Many are jailed; others mutiny
Turning point
Brits put down rebellion, take direct control of IN
Raj –period of Brit rule after India came under the Brit crown
Nationalism Surfaces in India
Ram Mohun Roy “father of modern India”
In order to move towards independence, IND needed to end traditional practices like arranged marriages
Mutiny: to rebel against authority; soldiers rebel against commanding officer
Cartridge: holds bullets for a rifle
Arranged marriage: families decide which couples will marry while they are still children

10. British Imperialism in India
Cause
East Indian troops defeated Indian forces at the Battle of Plassey after Mughal rule had become weak
British establish a railroad network in India
British restricted Indian owned industries such as cotton textiles and reduced food production in favor cash crops
The Sepoy Mutiny occurs and uprisings spread over much of northern India
Calls by reformers for India to modernize, nationalist feelings, resentment over British discriminatory policies
British partition Bengal into Hindu and Muslim sections
Effect
East Indian company gains control of India
Railroads transported raw materials from interior to ports & manufactured goods from ports to interior; India becomes more profitable for Britain; India developed a modern economy and was geographically unified
Villagers are no longer self-sufficient; food production declines and famine sets in
British government assumed direct control of India; racism and mutual distrust were intensified
Indians form Indian National Congress and then the Muslim League, which eventually call for self-government
Acts of terrorism forced British to divide province in a different way to avoid open rebellion