1. Chapter 11 Section 3 Europeans Claim Muslim Lands
Objective: Examine the decline of the Ottoman Empire & the rise of geopolitics in Muslim lands
Vocabulary: Geopolitics, Crimean War, & Suez Canal
New: If you controlled a country would you settle for having just enough for your own people or seek to expand to take over more land, knowing you will end up destroying the culture of the people you take over. (Explain your reasoning.)
Review: List & explain the two basic methods of management used by the Europeans during Imperialism
Provide one negative & one positive of Imperialism in Africa.

2. Setting the Stage
The last 300 years of the Ottoman Empire was steadily declining in power
Europeans competed with each other to gain control of the strategically important areas within the Ottoman Empire
Europeans weren’t only looking at Africa as a source of raw materials

3. Ottoman Empire Loses Power
The Ottomans made attempts to change but they were unable to hold off the European imperialist powers
In 1830, Greece & Serbia gained independence from the Ottoman Empire
The Ottomans’ weakness was apparent to European powers, who were expanding their territories
Geopolitics: a foreign policy based on a consideration of the strategic locations or products of other lands
Why would you attack a place based on their location?
The Ottoman Empire waited too long to industrialize

4. Check for Understanding
What are some location or products that you would fight to control if you were in charge of a country? Why?
Sentence Starter: I would want to control _____ because ______________.

5. Europeans Grab Territory
The Ottomans controlled access to the Mediterranean & the Atlantic sea trade
Russia desired a port within the Mediterranean Sea
Crimean War: a conflict in which the Ottoman Empire, with the aid of Britain & France, halted Russia expansion in the region of the Black Sea
However, the Ottoman Empire continued to lose land
The “Great Game” was a struggle between Great Britain & Russia over Muslim lands
Crimean War: women led by Florence Nightingale, established their position as army nurses

6. Egypt Initiates Reforms
Egypt initiated political & social reforms, in part to block European domination of its land
The Ottoman Empire sent Muhammad Ali to govern Egypt
However, he broke away & took control of it for himself
Muhammad Ali began a series of reforms in the military & in the economy
Suez Canal: human made water way, connecting the Red Sea & the Mediterranean Sea
The British oversaw financial control of the canal & occupied Egypt in 1882
Why would Britain volunteer to finance the canal?

7. Persia Pressured to Change
Russia & Britain competed to exploit Persia commercially & to bring it under their own spheres of influence
Russia was interested in gaining access to the Persian Gulf & the Indian Ocean
Britain’s interest in Persia increased after the discovery of oil
Persia allowed businesses the right to operate in certain areas of their country
In 1907, Russia & Britain took over Persia & divided it into spheres of influence

8. Chapter 11 Section 4 British Imperialism in India
Objective: Summarize the impact of colonialism, rebellion, & the early nationalist movement in India
Vocab: Sepoy, “Jewel in the Crown”, Sepoy Mutiny, & Raj

9. Setting the Stage
British economic interest in India began in the 1600s with the British East India Company
The Mughal Dynasty kept European traders under control
The Mughal Empire fell apart in 1707
From 1757 until 1858, the East India Company was the leading power in India

10. British Expand Control Over India
Originally British East India Company ruled India with little interference from the British Government
The British East India Company had its own army, which was staffed by Sepoys (Indian Soldiers)
At first the British treasured India more for its potential than for its actual profit
Britain considered India the brightest “jewel in the crown,” the most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies
Why do you think the British started to take more control over the British East India Company?
What do you think they are referring to when they say jewel in the crown?

11. British Transport Trade Goods
India became valuable to the British after they established a railroad network there
Raw materials were produced on plantations & shipped to ports
India both benefited from & was harmed by British colonialism
The traditional Indian life was changed by cash crops
Sanitation & public health improved
Schools & colleges were founded & literacy increased
Missionaries harmed traditional Indian religion

12. The Sepoy Mutiny
The British controlled most of the Indian subcontinent
However, there were many pockets of discontent especially over religion
Sepoy Mutiny: In 1857, rebellion of Hindu & Muslim soldiers against the British in India
Raj: British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria
Why would the British switch from the indirect control to direct control of India?

13. Check for Understanding
After the Sepoy Mutiny would Britain implement direct or indirect rule in India? Why?
Sentence Starter: The British would implement _____ control in India because ____________.

14. Nationalism Surfaces in India
Some Indians began demanding more modernization & a greater role in governing themselves
Nationalist feelings also started to surface
Indians hated a system that made them second-class citizens in their own country
Ending Child Marriages & Division of Classes