1. “The Sick Man of Europe”
A Story of the Ottoman Empire 11.3

2. The Ottoman Empire
At the height of its power, OE stretched from Hungary in Europe to Algeria in N. Africa
Suleyman I (r )
Known for reforming the army and judicial system
Doubled the Ottoman territory
Died during the war with Austria in Hungary
Succeeded by his son Selim II

3. Ottoman Empire

4. The Ottoman Empire Selim II (r. 1566-1574)
Known for the beginning of the decline of the empire, Selim II was a distracted emperor
His nickname was “Selim the Drunk”
From here it continues to go downhill
Selim III (r – 1808) comes to power
During his rule, problems with nationalism start to emerge and this is where the breakup beginnings
Greece is the first in the 1830s
He is overthrown and put in prison

5. The European Perspective
Europeans see the OE as weak and ready to be torn apart
European countries want Ottoman land b/c of it’s access to the Mediterranean Sea + Black Sea
Russia, specifically, wanted Ottoman land b/c they were landlocked + wanted a way to trade in the Mediterranean Sea
Wanted a port on the Black Sea (warm weather port)

6. The Crimean War
1853 – Crimean War broke out between the Ottomans + Russians
Russia has been trying to get a port on the Black Sea from the OE for a long time
Britain + France fought on the side of the Ottomans b/c they wanted to keep the Russians from gaining any Ottoman land
Defeated Russia
Crimean War firsts:
Women operated on the battlefield as nurses
Covered by newspaper correspondents

7. The Ottoman Empire Shrinks
Even with help, Ottomans continued to lose land
Russians aided the Slavs in the Balkans and won
Ottomans lost Romania, Montenegro, Cyprus, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Bulgaria
Also lost land in N. Africa

8. The Great Game
British attempted to keep the Ottomans propped up, mostly to protect India (the Russians wanted it)
Great Game: War b/c the Russians and British over India
Britain tried to push its borders beyond India and Russia tried to push into India
They clash in Afghanistan and in 1921 Britain agrees its Indian holdings will not spread past the Khyber Pass

9. Great Game

10. Egypt: Case Study History of Imperialism in Eqypt Alexander the Great
The Romans
Napoleon and the French
Ottoman Empire
Muslim – controlled most of the Middle East, Spain
1805: Muhammad Ali – Ottoman officer
Seized power in Egypt and created an independent state
But still heavily influenced by the Ottoman Empire

11. Egypt: A Case Study Suez Canal Started by French
1856 – Egyptian leader gives Ferdinand De Lesseps permission to construct the canal
Sold stock in the canal company to help finance it
English take a huge interest in Egypt AFTER the canal is built
Bought the Egyptian share of the stock (44%)
Gets them safely and quickly to India
British take control of Egypt in 1882 and it becomes a British protectorate in 1914