1. 27 The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914 Imperialists Divide Africa
QUIT 27
CHAPTER
The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914
Chapter Overview
Time Line
SECTION 1
Imperialists Divide Africa
SECTION 2
Patterns of Change: Imperialism
SECTION 3
Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands
SECTION 4
British Imperialism in India
MAP
GRAPH
SECTION 5
Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
Visual Summary

2. 27 The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914
HOME 27
CHAPTER
The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914
Chapter Overview
Western imperialists, with superior arms and technology, establish colonies in Asia and Africa. The Europeans export finished goods to the colonies and import raw materials and cash crops. Colonial rule provokes native resistance movements.

3. 27 The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914 HOME Time Line 1850 1914
CHAPTER
The Age of Imperialism, 1850–1914
Time Line
1850 European trading with Africa well-established.
1869 Suez Canal completed.
1898 United States acquires Philippines, annexes Hawaii.
1850
1914
1858 Britain establishes direct rule over India.
Berlin Conference sets rules for African colonization.
1899 Boer War begins in South Africa.

4. Imperialists Divide Africa Key Idea 1
HOME 1
Imperialists Divide
Africa
Key Idea
Western European nations race to divide Africa among themselves. They draw territorial boundaries without regard to Africans’ ethnic, linguistic, and cultural divisions.
Overview
Assessment

5. Imperialists Divide Africa Overview 1 • imperialism • racism
HOME 1
Imperialists Divide
Africa
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• imperialism
• racism
• Social Darwinism
• Berlin Conference 1884–85
• Shaka
• Boer
• Great Trek
• Boer War
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Ignoring the claims of African ethnic groups, kingdoms, and city-states, Europeans established colonial claims.
African nations continue to feel the effects of the colonial presence of 100 years ago.
Assessment

6. Imperialists Divide Africa 1 1
HOME 1
Imperialists Divide
Africa
Section 1
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the four motives that caused the growth of imperialism during the late 1800s.
Imperialism
economic competition
nationalism
missionary impulse
racism
continued . . .

7. Imperialists Divide Africa 1 1
HOME 1
Imperialists Divide
Africa
Section 1
Assessment
2. What can you infer about the Europeans’ attitude toward Africans from the Berlin Conference?
THINK ABOUT
• who attended the conference
• the outcome of the conference
ANSWER
Possible Response:
Because only Europeans attended the conference, it can be inferred that they felt Africans were inferior and had no rights and that Europeans were entitled to divide Africa among themselves.
End of Section 1

8. Imperialism Key Idea CASE STUDY: Nigeria 2
HOME 2
Imperialism
PATTERNS
OF CHANGE
CASE STUDY: Nigeria
Key Idea
Europeans use colonies, protectorates, spheres of influence, economic imperialism, and different patterns of management to control African colonies. African resistance movements emerge in response.
Overview
Assessment

9. Imperialism Overview CASE STUDY: Nigeria 2 • paternalism
HOME 2
Imperialism
PATTERNS
OF CHANGE
CASE STUDY: Nigeria
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• paternalism
• assimilation
• Menelik II
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Europeans embarked on a new phase of empire-building that affected both Africa and the rest of the world.
Many former colonies have political problems that are the result of colonial rule.
Assessment

10. Direct control, indirect control
HOME 2
Imperialism
PATTERNS
OF CHANGE
CASE STUDY: Nigeria
Section 2
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain how Europeans controlled and managed other areas of the world.
European Imperialism
Forms of Control
Management Methods
Colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, economic imperialism
Direct control, indirect control
continued . . .

11. Imperialism 2 CASE STUDY: Nigeria 2
HOME 2
Imperialism
PATTERNS
OF CHANGE
CASE STUDY: Nigeria
Section 2
Assessment
2. Do you think Europeans could have conquered Africa if the Industrial Revolution had never occurred? Explain your answer. THINK ABOUT
• the limited role of Europeans in Africa until the late 1800s
• what inventions changed Europeans’ ability to enter Africa
ANSWER
Possible Response:
Inventions from the Industrial Revolution enabled Europeans to conquer Africa. They reached the interior using steamboats and railroads. Telegraphs and telephones gave them rapid communications. New weapons and quinine to treat malaria enabled European armies to defeat all other armies.
End of Section 2

12. Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands Key Idea 3
HOME 3
Muslim Lands Fall to
Imperialist Demands
Key Idea
After the death of Suleiman I, European nations divide the Ottoman Empire. A combined British-French-Ottoman force defeats the Russians in the Crimean War, and the British seize the Suez Canal.
Overview
Assessment

13. Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands Overview 3 • geopolitics
HOME 3
Muslim Lands Fall to
Imperialist Demands
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• geopolitics
• Crimean War
• Suez Canal
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
European nations expanded their empires by seizing territories from Muslim states.
Political events in this vital resource area are still influenced by actions from the imperialistic period.
Assessment

14. Muslim states failed to keep European imperialists out of their lands.
HOME 3
Muslim Lands Fall to
Imperialist Demands
Section 3
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Record at least three details that support the following idea: “Muslim states failed to keep European imperialists out of their lands.”
Muslim states failed to keep European imperialists out of their lands.
Ottoman Empire tries to reform but fails.
Egyptian leaders cannot complete modernization.
Persia falls to economic imperialism.
continued . . .

15. Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands 3 3
HOME 3
Muslim Lands Fall to
Imperialist Demands
Section 3
Assessment
2. How were the reactions of African and Muslim rulers to imperialism similar? How were they different?
THINK ABOUT
• African and Muslim patterns of resistance
• African and Muslim efforts toward modernization
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Both African and Muslim rulers resisted Europeans. Muslims tried to modernize to resist Western imperialism, while many Africans simply signed away their lands. Menelik II was the only African ruler to remain independent.
continued . . .

16. Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands 3 3
HOME 3
Muslim Lands Fall to
Imperialist Demands
Section 3
Assessment
3. Why did European imperialist powers want to take over Ottoman Empire lands? THINK ABOUT
• the location of the Ottoman Empire
• its special resources
• European ambitions
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
The Ottoman Empire ruled much of North Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. It controlled key overland trade routes and sea trade on the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic Ocean and Black Sea.
It also contained many important natural resources, such as oil. European nations wanted to control trade and to obtain greater wealth.
End of Section 3

17. British Imperialism in India Key Idea 4
HOME 4
British Imperialism
in India
MAP
Key Idea
Britain gradually attains control over India, establishing the Raj. British rule gives rise to nationalist feelings and to resistance movements.
Overview
Assessment

18. British Imperialism in India Overview 4 • sepoy • “jewel in the crown”
HOME 4
British Imperialism
in India
MAP
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• sepoy
• “jewel in the crown”
• Sepoy Mutiny
• Raj
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
As the Mughal Empire declined, Britain seized Indian territory until it controlled almost the whole subcontinent.
India, the second most populated nation in the world, has its political roots in this colony.
Assessment

19. British Imperialism in India 4 4
HOME 4
British Imperialism
in India
MAP
Section 4
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. For each cause listed below, write about its effect.
Causes
Effects
1. Decline of the Mughal Empire
2. Colonial practices
3. Sepoy Mutiny
1. East India Company expanded its colonial territory.
2. Created resentment and nationalist feelings among Indians
3. Built support for nationalist groups
continued . . .

20. British Imperialism in India 4 4
HOME 4
British Imperialism
in India
MAP
Section 4
Assessment
2. How did imperialism contribute to unity and the growth of nationalism in India? THINK ABOUT
• the benefits of imperialism
• the negative effects of imperialism
ANSWER
Possible Responses:
Positive effects of imperialism—railroads, roads, telephones, telegraph, unified rule; improved communications and unified many Indians
Negative effects—racism, economic hardships; contributed to the growth of nationalism and a desire for self-rule
continued . . .

21. British Imperialism in India 4 4
HOME 4
British Imperialism
in India
MAP
Section 4
Assessment
3. How did economic imperialism lead to India’s becoming a British colony? THINK ABOUT
• the role of the British East India Company
• the Sepoy Mutiny
ANSWER
Possible Response:
The British East India Company had its own private army to maintain control of its territory in India. When the Sepoy Mutiny occurred, the company was unable to regain control. The British government stepped in, seized control, and claimed India as a colony of the crown.
End of Section 4

22. Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia Key Idea 5
HOME 5
Western Powers Rule
Southeast Asia
GRAPH
Key Idea
Western imperialists, including the United States, claim lands in the South Pacific, Southeast Asia, and Hawaiian Islands. Only Siam remains independent.
Overview
Assessment

23. Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia Overview 5 • Pacific Rim
HOME 5
Western Powers Rule
Southeast Asia
GRAPH
TERMS & NAMES
Overview
• Pacific Rim
• King Mongkut
• Emilio Aguinaldo
• annexation
• Queen Liliuokalani
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Demand for Asian products drove Western imperialists to seek possession of Southeast Asian lands.
Southeast Asian independence struggles in the 20th century have their roots in this period of imperialism.
Assessment

24. Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia 5 5
HOME 5
Western Powers Rule
Southeast Asia
GRAPH
Section 5
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts.
Identify four Western powers and the areas they controlled.
Western powers in
Southeast Asia
Dutch:
Indonesia
French:
Indochina
British:
Malayan Peninsula
United States:
Hawaii/Philippines
continued . . .

25. Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia 5 5
HOME 5
Western Powers Rule
Southeast Asia
GRAPH
Section 5
Assessment
2. How did the reforms of the Siamese kings maintain Siam’s independence? THINK ABOUT
• what was happening to Siam’s neighbors
• the results of the changes
ANSWER
Possible Response:
Siam’s neighbors were dominated or taken over by European nations. Siam was able to stay independent because it modernized and could compete with Europeans. There was little social turmoil in Siam, and the king was able to stay in power and resist European demands.
End of Section 5