1 Anatomy and Physiology What is Anatomy? – study of structure (Greek – “a cutting up”) What is Physiology? – study of function (Greek – “relationship to nature”) “Structure dictates function.”

2 Which organ system receives information from sense organs and stimulates muscles and glands to contract or secrete products? Nervous system Which system breaks food down into simpler forms that can be absorbed? Digestive system Which organ system produces the gametes? Reproductive system

3 Which organ system helps transport fluid back to the circulatory system and helps defend the body against infection? Lymphatic system Which system transports gasses, nutrients hormones and waste throughout the body? Cardiovascular system Which system is made up of glands that secrete hormones? Endocrine system

4 Which system exchanges gases between air and the blood? Respiratory system Which organ system filters the blood to remove waste and excess fluid and transports it outside the body? Urinary system

5 Which organ system covers the body? Integumentary system Which system moves the body and generates most of the body heat? Muscular system Which system provides a supportive and protective framework for soft tissue and makes blood cells? Skeletal system

6 What is homeostasis? Maintenance of a stable internal environment. Homeostasis is regulated through control systems, (homeostatic mechanisms), that typically have three parts. What are the three parts and what do they do? 1)Receptors that sense the stimulus and send the information to the 2)control center (that has the set point), which then sends an impulse to 3)effectors (a gland or muscle) which elicit a response to correct the stimulus back to the set point.

7 In a homeostatic mechanism, which type of feedback corrects back to a set point to maintain stability? Negative feedback What are some examples? Body temperature, blood glucose level, blood pressure

8 In a homeostatic mechanism, which type of feedback increases an action within the body with the effect of increasing instability ? Positive feedback What are two examples? Blood clotting and childbirth.

9 What are the four main body cavities? Cranial cavity, vertebral canal, thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity What are the divisions of the thoracic cavity? Left and right pleural cavity and the pericardial cavity (potential space between the two membranes surrounding the heart)

Two words for naming each membrane: _______________ 1) Visceral – covers an organ 2) Parietal – covers the walls of a cavity [Heart has 2 membranes: Inner membrane – surface of heart = visceral Outer membrane = parietal] _________________ 1) pleura – thoracic cavity 2) peritoneum – abdominopelvic cavity 3) pericardium - heart

Name the following… The membrane lining the walls of the Thoracic cavity Parietal pleura The membrane covering the lungs Visceral pleura The membrane lining the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity Parietal peritoneum 11

12 Name the membrane covering the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity Visceral peritoneum The outer membrane surrounding the heart Parietal pericardium The inner membrane surrounding the heart Visceral pericardium

13 Describe the Anatomical Position – Standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out

14 The nose is__________ to the ear. Medial The knee is _______ to the ankle. Proximal The neck is ________ to the head. Inferior The chest is _________ to the back. Anterior

15 The skin is ________ to the muscle. Superficial The left leg is __________ to the left arm Ipsilaterial The left ear is __________ to the right cheek Contralateral

Body Sections Which type of section divides the body into superior and inferior parts? Transverse section Which type of section divides the body into anterior and posterior parts? Frontal (coronal) section Which type of section divides the body into left and right parts? Sagittal section 16

Sections of a Structure Which type of section cuts the structure at a right angle to the long axis? Cross section At an angle other than a right angle to the long axis? Oblique section Down the long axis of the structure? Longitudinal secton 17

18

To what body region does each term refer? Otic Ear Cervical Neck Acromial Point of the shoulder Axillary Armpit 19

To what body region does each term refer? Brachial Arm Palmar Palm of hands Sternal Sternum (Center of chest) 20

To what body region does each term refer? Antebrachial Forearm Cubital Elbow Antecubital Front of elbow Carpal Wrist 21

To what body region does each term refer? Frontal Forehead (front of head) Orbital Eye cavity Buccal Cheek Mental Chin 22

To what body region does each term refer? Patellar Front of knee Popliteal Back of knee Tarsal Instep (ankle) 23

To what body region does each term refer? Pedal Foot Cephalic Top of the head Pectoral Chest 24

To what body region does each term refer? Umbilical Navel Inguinal Groin Coxal Hip Crural Anterior lower leg 25

Name the body region: Ear Otic Groin Inguinal Finger or toe Digit (Digital) Between the hips Sacral 26

Name the body region: External reproductive organs Genital Groin Inguinal Eye cavity Orbital Nose Nasal 27

Name the body region: Top of the Head Cephalic Lower back Lumbar Back of knee Popliteal Anterior aspect of Knee Patellar 28

Name the body region: Navel Umbilical Buttocks Gluteal Sole of the foot Plantar Palm of the hand Palmar 29

Name the body region: Cheek Buccal Mouth Oral Neck Cervical Forehead Frontal 30

Name the body region: Arm Brachial Forearm Antebrachial Elbow Cubital Front of the elbow Antecubital 31

Name the body region: Lower back Lumbar Spinal column Vertebral Foot Pedal Center of chest Sternal 32

Name the body region: Armpit Axillary Breast Mammary Chest Pectoral Point of the shoulder Acromial 33

Name the body region: Thigh Femoral Hip Coxal Wrist Carpal Instep (right below ankle) Tarsal 34

Name the body region: Back of the head Occipital Abomen Abdominal Area between the rectum and genitals Perineal Chin Mental 35