Nationalism in Southwest Asia Turkey Saudi Arabia Iran

Ottoman Empire Falls Ottoman Empire lost in World War I Lost significant amount of territory in Asia Nationalism rose in former territories New nations emerged with growing political and economic interest

Turkey Becomes a Republic After World War I all that remained of the Ottoman Empire was the land of Anatolia and the new nation became Turkey In 1919 Greece invaded Retaliation for years of oppression In 1922 Mustafa Kemal was able to drive the Greeks from Turkey The Sultan was replaced by a Republic

Mustafa Kemal First leader of new Turkish Republic Known for bringing reforms to Turkey Separated Islamic law from nation’s laws Abolished religious courts New legal system based on European laws Women gained the right to vote and hold public office Government funded industrialization programs Nicknamed Ataturk- “Father of the Turks”

Persia Becomes Iran British attempted to take over Persia, sparking a nationalist revolt 1925 the ruling shah was put out of power Reza Shah Pahlavi attempted to modernize the new country of Iran Built public schools Built roads and railroads Promoted industrial growth and women’s rights

Saudi Arabia 1932 Arabia became unified under one powerful family New nation held close to Islamic law Modernization was limited

Discovery of Oil Industrialized nations needed petroleum Exploration in Middle East found 2/3 of the world’s oil Foreign investment pumped into region